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i
ITHK CilKT OF S
l>V».T.C,X*5»fcVV I
X
V
ionciUMuiy
SECOND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF PENNSYLVANIA:
1874.
1 ■
i REPOET OF PROGRESS
i ™
!
THE DISTRICT
4
07
YORK AND ADAMS COUNTIES:
ILLUSTKATBD BY
MAPS AND CROSS-SECTIONS.
. SHOWIMQ
' THE IRON OEE BELTS AND INDIVIDUAL MINES;
I
WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF THB SAMB, .
\
KOTES OF A TRANSIT LINE TO ESTABLISH ALTITUDES, AND A
CATALOGUE OP SPECIMENS COLLECTED AND PLACED
IN THE MUSEUM AT HARRISBURG.
BY
I PERSIFOR FRAZER, Jr-
f
HARRISBURG :
Published by the Boabd of CoiiMisBiovrBBa
FOB THB SBCOKD OBOLOOICAL SXTBYBT.
1876.
m^mmrm
f^m
Entered, for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, in the year 1876, according
to acts of Cong^ss,
By JOHN B. PEARSE,
Secretary of the Board of Commissionera of Geological Survey,
In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at
WASHINGTON, D. O.
StCTMt/ped b^
fllBflsrlj Printing and PaUlBhlag
Baniiborf , Pa.
Printed by
B. P. BtEYERS, Stat^ Printer^
HAKBISBUaO, PA.
)
BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS.
His Excellency, JOHN F. HAKTBAITFT, Governor^
and ex^ffleio President of the Boaid, UarrlBborg.
Ario- Pardeb, Hazleton.
"William A. Ingham, - - - - Philadelphia.
Henry S. Eckert, Eeading.
Henry M'Cormick, Harrisburg.
James Macfarlanb, Towanda.
John B. Pearse, Philadelphia.
Robert V. Wilson, M. D., - - - Clearfield.
Hon. Daniel J. Morrell, - - - Johnstown.
Henry W. Oliver, - - - - - Pittsburg.
Samuel Q. Brown, Pleasantville.
SECRETARY OF THE BOAFID
John B. Pearsb, Philadelphia.
STATE GEOLOGIST
Peter Lesley, Philadelphia.
151 113
"if
226 SOUTH SiXTn ST.. PlTTLADKLFBIA, {
January^ 1876. )
Professor J. P. Lesley,
State Geologist :
Sir : — In preparing to carry out your instructions to study
the ores along the line of the Codorus, I placed my aid, Mr.
^ Ambrose E. Lehman, on active field duty on July 13. I my-
I self was not able to go into the field till July 20, on which
date the third member of my regular party, Mr. Allen, also
joined me.
Mr. J. W. Edwards joined me a few days later as volunteer
aid, and remained with me till his assignment to other duties
by the Chief Geologist.
r My head quarters were established at York, York county Pa.,
whence it was my plan to project a net work of intersecting
i linep north-eastward to the Susquehanna, and south-w^estward
to the Maryland line below Littlestown, in Adams county. My
work was very much hampered at first by the lack of suitable
surveying instruments, and this" embarrasment w^as the greater
because the first lines run were necessarily of greatest im-
portance. All the work represented by road lines on general
map (So. 1) was accomplished by the aid of a small Breithaupt
compass, and the distances obtained by pacing, except the test
circuit line which, starting from York, proceeds four miles
' north north-east to Smyser's bank, thence south south-east to
Longstown ; thence south south-west to Logansville ; thence
west south-west to Zigler's slate quarries ; thence west south-
I west to Jefferson ; thence west south-west two and a half miles
to fork of road near Metzel's mill ^ thence four miles south ta
Hofacker's. Ejesuming the line at Metzel's mills, four and a
half miles west to Hanover ; thence seven miles west south-
west to Littlestown ; thence four miles west south-west to the
Maryland line, (Mason and Dixon's,) and five and a half miles
cast along the same. This line, as well as all the section lines,
were run with telemeter rod and stadia very carefully ; irregu-
larities of the needle being guarded against by several read-
(0. V) .
Vi C. INTRODUCTION. •
ings, the limit of distance of single sights exceeding 800 feet
only in very rare cases.
Until the arrival of the transit every station was made a ba-
rometer station, except those south-west of Mudtown, (which
is two miles south-west of Hanover,) at whick point the instru-
ment, in my possession, sustained an injury, which rendered it
useless.
The 10 foot contours were sketched in during the entire pro-
gress of the field work.
After the arrival of the field transit, a vertical angle was
read for every station, so that no point on the map is without
its by pso metrical datum.
The first step was to secure plans and profiles of the railroads
which run through or near the field of operations, and for this
purpose Mr. Lehman visited Hanover and York before the party
came together, and through the kindness of Capt. Eichelberger,
President of the Hanover Junction and Hanover and Gettys-
burg railroads, and Mr. Jos. Gitt, Chief Engineer of the York
and Hanover Short Line railroad, alignment tracino;s of these
roads were obtained. Later, Mr. J. N. Du Barry, Chief En-
gineer, and now Vice President, of the Northern Central rail-
road, and Mr. W. E. Weber, of the Xorthern Central railroad,
extended valuable aid to the party, and assisted us very much
by the loan of the plans, profiles, &c., of this road.
The hope of getting the same data of the Wrightsville Branch
of the Pennsylvania railroad was disappointed, as no notes ot
this road could be found. It is accordingly laid in from the
York County Map, published by Shearer & Lake, Philadelphia,
1860, and checked by its intersections with the transit lines.
It seems but proper to acknowledge in this place the courtesy
and kindness of the officers of the various railway companies,
and pre-eminently those of the Pennsylvania and Northern Cen-
tral lines. This kindness was not merely the result of the obe-
dience of the subordinates to the general order issued from the
central office, requesting that every employee might render to
the Survey what assistance he could consistently with his duty,
but appeared rather the spontaneous ottering of the individuals
themselves, who took pride in their native State and were glad
to further any enterprise whose object it was to illustrate her
resources to the world.
INTRODUCTION. C. Vll
After the preliminary adjustment of instruments, lines were
started up the Codorus to the junction of the West and South
branches and further up the South Branch. Simultaneously
with this work, lines were run on the Carlisle and Gettysburg
roads to the edge of the Mesozoic red sandstone formation, the
object being to cover a belt of country including the two ore
ranges which are the subjects of the sijecial map. It was not
thought at that time that more than this could be accomplished
during the first season, nor was it known at that time how ex-
I tensive these two ranges are.*
' It was designed to cross-bar the map with dip angle stations,
by means of which it was hoped that the positions of the mag-
netic ranges, if any, could be more clearly made out. Quite a
large number of observations had already been made, before it
was found that the dip needle, in use, was entirely unreliable,
and this, which was to have been an interesting feature of the
survey, was reluctantly, for the time, abandoned.
Mr. Hilgard's party, sent by the United States Coast Survey
to determine the magnetic variation at York, completed its
labors shortly after the arrival of the party in the York district.
The mean variation as determined last summer, and kindly sup-
plied to the Pennsylvania Geological Survey by assistant J. E.
Hilgard, U. S. C. S. Office at Washington, is an invaluable check
' on our compass lines, the general accuracy of which it establishes.
The normal dip angle was also obtained, but caimot be made
use of for the reasons set forth above.
The thanks of the party are due to the many persons residing
in York county, w^ho furthered the work of the survey by their
welcome assistance. Among these must be especially mentioned
f Mr. Henry Hantz, of York, whose intimate knowledge of the
) country, and of the several ore enterprises which have been
prosecuted there, and whose kindness in acting as guide on
very many occasions, saved the party much time and expense.
In order to facilitate the collection of ^statistics regarding the
various banks, a^ series of questions was printed and furnished
* The Maps were constructed daring the winter months of 1874-75, and
held in hand for revision until the report was called for by the State Printer
in September, 1876. This delay, rendered necessary by the publication of
five other reports of the progress of the survey in other parts of the State,
was of use in revising certain parts.
Viii C. INTRODUCTION,
to the members of the party, to be left at the bank, or forwarded
to the proper person, in case the needed information could not
be secured at the time of the visit of the party.
In conclusion I would mention, with commendation, the in-
dustry and intelligence displayed* by Mr. Lehman in the field,
and his excellent reduction of the work to map form ; the gen-
oral efficiency of Capt. Allen, and the willingness and zeal of
Mr Edwards.
Veiy respectfully,
Pbbsifob Fsazbb, Jb.
REPORT OP PROGRESS
IN
YORK A;N^D ADAMS COUNTIES,
1874-75.
Bt FEBSITOB fbazeb, Jr., Assistant tiROLOGiffr.
CHAPTER L
Catalogue of Iron Ore Banks.
One hundred and twenty-six (126) ore banks and ore openings
of various si^e and importance are catalogued in this chapter.*
' On the map of the ore ranges of York and Adams counties,
accompanying this report, the relative positions of the ore banks
and openings are designated by numbers, from 1 to 126, corres-
ponding to the numbers in this catalogue. And on the mar-
gin of the map the numbers are placed in a column oi)posite
the names of the owners or lessees.
The order of the numbers proceeds from north-east to south-
west, in belts across the map ; the first belt being near the Ma-
ryland line, and the last belt near the South Mountain, thus :—
Nos. 126 to 122, on the north, near DiUsburg.
No. 121, further south, west of Wellsville.
ISTos. 120, 119, further south, south of Wellsville.
No. 110, near the Susquehanna above Wrightsville.
Nos. 118 to 111, in a group north of York.
Nos. 109 to 67, from q, point in Adams county, north of Han-
over, to "Wrightsville, through York.
* To these moat be added the nine banks marked in the catalogue 54 a to
54 i ; and such other exhibitions of ore as are noted in the catalogue, bnt not
(Qombered on the map.
(0.1)
2 C. p. FRAZER, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874- 75.
Xo8. 66 to 15, from Littlcstown, in Adams county, through
Hanover, Jefferson, Hanover Junction, Margaretta furnace, to
the Siisquelianna river, south of Wrightsville. (Nos. 54a to 54z,
have been added since the printing of the map for this edition^
but will be found on the large special map.)
Nos. 14 to 7, south of Margaretta furnace ; from south of Jef-
ferson and Logansville to Red Lion.
Nos. 6 to 1, from the south line of York county, or the
Maryland State line,* to Shrewsbury.
The catalogue will be continued as the work of the survey
advances, and another map will be prepared, covering that area
of Adams county not included in the present map.
The ore banks of the Central Brown Hematite belt or range
are again given on the large special map prepared for that pur-
pose and published with this report.
The geology of York and Adams counties, explained in sub-
sequent chapters of this report, can be understood by reference
to these two maps.
The catalogue of ore banks and openings, in this chapter, is
intended merely to supply such information as the following,
namely : The geographical location of each mine ; the nam'e
of its owner, owners or lessees ; the general character of its ore,
without special reference to its geology ; its relative magnitude
and importance ; and such statistics of labor or market as may
have been taken at the time of visiting the bank.
^ . " ' ■■ ■ Ji ■ ■1.1 . ,m
* As the general strike of the measures is from east north-east to west south-
west, and the preponderance of the dip north north-west, it is evident that the
older series must lie to the south-east and the later to the north-west. Com-
mencing the cataloguing of the banks on the oidest measures from the north,
No. 1, will be the north-easternmost bank on that belt, whose strike if pro-
longed to an imaginary east and west line, would intersect that line at a
point farthest to the east. No. 2, will be the next foUowing the west south-
west strike. Of course in some cases banks occur near each other, and not ex-
aotly on the same strike which are included together as one formation, and
it beoomesa matter of judgment alone to decide how far apart such banks may
lie without belonging to different terranes or ranges. An example is seen
in niimbering the banks in the vicinity of Margaretta furnace, and also those
north ot York, where banks seemingly (and perhaps actually) belonging
to the same terrane, have been numbered as if in different ranges. This is a
matter of comparatively trifling importance, and the numbers are used sim-
ply in lieu of abbreviated names to distinguish the banks from each other^
and yet designate them on a map of the small size as that which illustrates
this part of the report.
CATALOGUE OF IRON ORE BANKS. C. 3
!N'o special effort has been made to get materials for a thor-
ough statistical and economical iron ore report, because the en-
ergies of the party were necessarily devoted to a study of the
geology, which is of a difficult character in this disturbed dis-
trict. Many facts, however, relative to the industry as well
as the geology of the district are placed here on record for
present or future use, and references are in all cases made to
the original entries in the Field Note Books of the Survey.*
The reader will understand that by no means all that can be
said about the mines will be found recorded in this catalogue,
but only such notes taken on the spot, as have not been used
in the following chapters to explain the geology of the iron
ore district. t In those chapters he will find references to the
mines namedj and numbered in this catalogue.
Specimens of ores and rocks were selected from all the mines
and openings, and are placed in the State Museum of the Sur-
vey at Ilarrisburg, for inspection, numbered and labelled with
♦Thus:— No. 1, Young's opening, <fec., <fec., (11,28) meaning Field Note
Book, York and Adams, Volume No. II, page 28.
t The reason for preserving and publishing such notes is evident, since
many details of apparently slight value at the moment, often assume great
importance in seeking the solution of practical and even theoretical ques-
tions, long after they have ceased to represent the actual state of things at
tho workings in subsequent years. The kind of transportation employed to
take ore out of the cut and to get it to the shipping station, may tell a prac-
tical miner more than pages of description of how the ore occurs and what
are its prospects for continuance.
In such cases the statements of interested parties or a repoi;!; based on the
usual hasty visit of an expert to the locality, may convey a wrong Impression,
but the business principles of successful companies and individuals will lead
to actions in these minor matters which may be interpreted as the legitimate
result of all that those with the best facilities, the largest experience, and the
strongest reasons for ascertaining the truth, know of their own mines.
The cost of labor anywhere and for any purpose is interesting and impor-
tant. It is a fundamental factor in every problem of society, and a most sen-
sitive barometer of the condition of the country. In adding such statements
of wages as appear in the following pages, the party has simply furnished a
fow floating data to the statistician, just as the transient surveying parties of
the west do to the meteorologist.
JThe names of banks are in many cases not those by which their owners
and the residents of York county know them. It is seldom that two persons
can be found who call a bank by the same name. But any inconvenience
from this cause will be obviated by the statement of the direction and dis-
tance of each from some known point.
4 C. p. FRAZER, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874- 75.
the locality from which each came. But these could not corre-
spond with those subsequently given to the mines, because the
order of their collection was different, and because specimens
of rocks from localities between and distant from the mines
were also collected for study and exhibition. But the method
of numbering the ore banks and openings is essentially the
same as that adopted for numbering the specimens in the State
Cabinet, for the geological reasons given in the foot note to
page 2 above.
In the following alphabetical list of ore banks are given the j
label numbers of the specimens collected at each ore bank, with
its map number in this catalogue.
(
c
, ORE BANKS OE YORK AND ADAMS COUNTIES. C. 5
Alphabetical List
of the Ore Banks and properties on which ore was observed in York
and Adams counties^ indicated on the maps accompanying this Be-
porty vnth (lie label numbers oj
the specimen ores in the Harrisburg Cabinet
Name cf the mine. Label Nos. Map No.
Ashland Iron Company, - - - . (255) 97
Ashland Iron Company, - . - - (253, 264) 104
Barcroft, (or Butcher,) .... (74, 75) 24
Barley, (76) 25
Banman,J., - - - (260,261,262,263) 55
Banman, - - ( — ) 105.
Bechtel, (250) 101
Bechtel, George, (— ) 93
Benade, (Bomgardner's,) - - . - (65) 14
Bender, (365) 125
Benson & Cottrell, (— ) 111
Benson & Cottrell, (— ) 114
Blessinger, (147) 74
Bollinger, J. & D., - - (232, 233, 234, 235) 94
Boyer, David, - - - - (284,285,286) 01
Boyer, Samuel, (238) 06
Brillhart, - - - - (50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55,) 11
Brodbecks, (115) —
Burg, Reuben, (39) 20
Butcher, (or :6arcroft,) - - - - (74, 75) 24
Cameron Company, - - - (14, 15, 16, 17) G
Case,W. G., (46) 8
Clark, (widow,) (307,308) m
Corr, (159,160) 81
Cottrell & Benson, (— ) 111
Cottrell & Benson, (— ) 114
Crout, David, (Musselman & Watts,) - - (104) 40
Curren, James, ( — ) 7
Peitz, Jacob, (148) 78
Deitz, Samuel, (149) 97 •
Delone, (256,257) 57
6 C. p. FRAZER, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874-'75.
Name of the mlue. , Label Kos. Map NOi
Early & Killinger, (295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 800, 301, ,
302,303,304,805) 64
Ebert (161,162) 81
Eckert & Kauftman, ..... 54 y
Eiseiihart, Jacob, (197) 83 *
Eraig, John, - . ... - - (67) 17
Emig, John, - - . ' . - - ( — ) 18
Emig, S., (227,228) 86
Ensminger, - - (79, 80) 28 I
Eyester, ( — ) 85
Falkenstein, Daniel, (93) 33
Foigley, -...-. (53,54,55) 12 *
Flickinger, (116) 51
Flickinger, - - - . - - ( — ) 56 j
Forney, (259) 58
Forrey, (242) 95
Forrey, ....... 54 a
Fritz, Susanna, (157) 79
Geisselman, - - - . - - (94) 87
Gitt, (256) 108
Gladfelter, (49) 10
Gladfelter, - , (97, 98) 36
Gohn, - • - . . - - - (136, 137) 67
Green Ridge, (868)
Grubb, (142,143) 110
Hake, (176) 113
Ilaldeman, E., (251,252) 102
Hanover Branch Railroad, - . - - (251) 50
Harman, (184,195,196)
Heck, (367) I
Heidelbach, (158) 80
Ileistand, (146) 73
Help, (10,11) S
Ilengst, Samuel, (77) 26
Hess, S., (91, 92) 82
Iloftacker, - - (56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63) 13
Johnson, W. S., (— ) 87
Kauftman, (217 to 223 incl.) 84
ORE BANKS OF YORK AND ADAMS COUNTIES. C. 7
Name of the mine. Label Xos. Map No.
Kauftman, ( — ) 103
Kauffmaii & Eckert, 54/
Keeny, {IS) 5
Keller (144) 72
Keller, George, - - - (G8, 69, 70, 71, 72) 19
Keller, John, (46) 23
Killinger & Earley, - - (295 to 305, inclusive) 64
Knotwell, (110) 41
Knotwell, (— ) 43
Kraber & Xes, 54 A
Krumrein, - - - (290,291,292,293,294) 63
Lamott, (12) 4
Landis, (356)
Leader, G., (86, 87, 88, 89) 31
Leber, Daniel, (66) 16
Lefever, (310) 62
Lef ever, Enoch, (309,311) 65
Licbte, (334,335) 120
Lightner, .--:-.. (177) 115
Logan, (360,361) 122
Louck, ... - (166,167,168,169) 116
Louck, (170,171) 118
Louck, Daniel, - (165) 82
Margaretta Furnace, - - (40,41,42,43,44,45) 22
M'Conaughy, (Slagle's farm,) - (272, 273, 274) 109
M'Cormick, (— ) 126
Mengis, Andrew, (236) 88
Meyer, B., (— ) 34
Meyers, Matthias, - - - . - ( — ) 53
Meyers, Michael, .... (230,231) 89
Meyers, widow, ( — ) 9
Mickley, 54(j
Miller,' (— ) 76
Miller, widow, ( — ) 106
Miller, J. L., (253,254) 92
Mine, (Altland,) - (346, 347, 348, 349, 350) 121
Moser, (new) - - _ - - - - (78) 27
8 C. p. FRAZER, JR., REPORT OP PROGRESS, 1874-75.
Name of the mine. Label Nos. Map Ko.
Moser, (old) - - - (81,82,83,84,85) 29
Moser, (oldest) (— ) 30
Moiil,J., - - . (243,245,246,247,249) 98
Moul,P., (248) 100
Moul, Sol., •- (255) 99
Mumper, (359,363,364) 123
Musselman & Watts, (Crout) - - - (104) 40
Nes'shill, (118) 54
Nes & Kraber, 6ik
Norse, (145) 75
Porter, Ex. Gov. (355)
Reading Coal and Iron Company, - - (351)
Reilston, (5) 2
Roth, J., (229,175) 91
Roth, S., (— ) 90
Ruby, (140,141) 71
Rudesill, 54 ci
Rudy, (138, 139) . 7b
Schaeffer, Jacob, ( — ) 45
Schueman, J., (117) 52
Schwartz, Samuel, - - - (279,280,281) 59
Schwartz, Solomon, (283) 60
Schwartz and Boyer, ( — ) —
Small, John, "- (73) 21
Smyser, (Small,) (Ashland Co.,) (151, 152, 153, 154,
155, 156) 112
Smyser, (Benson & Cottrell) - - - - ( — ) 111
Smyser, (— ) 117
Smyser, E. G., (— ) 49-
Smyser, (Kauffman,) - - - (217 to 223 inc.) 84
Smith, W. R., - . - (330, 331, 332, 333) 119
Sprenkle, 54: i
Stambach, (95) 35
Stambach, 546
Stoner, ..--..-(_) 69
Stover, 54 5^
Strickhouser, .... (111,112,113) 42
Strickler, Benjamin, ( — ) 68
Thomas Iron Company, - - - . (99) 3g
t—
ORE BANKS OF YORK AND ADAMS COUNTIES. C. 9*
i
Name of the mine. Label Nos. Map No»
Thomas Iron Company, . - . . (107) 46
Thomas Iron Company, - - - . (108) 47
Thomas Iron Company, - - - - (109J 48
Trone, 54 c
Underwood, (357, 358,) 124
Walker, A. P., (353,354)
Walter, (103) 39
Williams. (49) 10
Wilton, Harris, -.-.-- (_) 15.
Wirt, Henry, . - . . 1 . (264)
Wolf, (366)
York Iron Company, (H^) 44
Young, (4) 1
• 1. Young's opening ^'^ {^ijSS.)
This is on the property of Mr. John Q. Young, one mile south
of Shrewsbury station on the Xortliern Central railroad.
As the star (*) attached to this name in the column of ore
banks on the edge of the map indicates, this is not a mine^
strictly speaking, but a locality, whence rock has been obtained
exhibiting the essential features of the Ilelp ore, but not con-
taining so much pyrites or magnetic iron. This rock has the
appearance of a greenish gray granular chloritic schist, with
more or less impregnation of iron. The opening had so far been
filled up, that its character was only to be inferred by loose
fragments lying around the mouth of the excavation.
A few tons had been removed, but no accurate account of its
behavior was obtained. Dip, west 25° north.
2. JReilston^s Bank. {Ji, ss.)
This property was leased by A. Bauchman, and is situated
four miles south-west from New Freedom, and one-eighth mile
or more over the Maryland State line.
The excavation was in mica schists, dipping south 20° east
45°. The ore, which was a brown hematite, occurs in lumps
and small fragments scattered through the clay walls of ther
Dank, and was of a dark black sandy appearance.
4 >* ^ J
J ^ ^ J
■* * ^ ^
10 C. p. FRASER, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874-75.
Another opening was observed in a field about 45° north-
east of the main bank, the ore from which seemed of the same
character as that just referred to.
3. Help Mine. {1127.)
This is an excavation on the side of a hill, about three-quar-
ters of a mile north of Shrewsbury station, Northern Central
railroad.
The rock here appears to have tne character of a transition
from a hard and compact gneiss to a green arenaceous chlorite
elate. As in many belts of these slates elsewhere, there are
found numerous crystals of magnetite, and also some pyrite.
Throughout the mass are observed scales of hydro-mica and
detached grains of sand from the partial weathering of the
rock. This rock, which is the "ore," appears to be very sus-
ceptible to the action of the weather and changes its character
very much within short distances when followed into the hill.
The prevailing dip is north 45° west ; 40°.
Some fifty tons more or less of this rock are said to have teen
removed for treatment for its iron, but in what way or with
what results could not be ascertained.
A large number of specimens of this " ore " were collected
and forwarded to the laboratory of the Survey for analysis.
The results of Mr. M'Creath's investigation were as follows :
Per cent.
Silica, - - - .
Protoxide of iron, -
Sesquioxide of iron.
Pyrites, (iron di-sulphide)
Copper sulphide.
Manganese sesquioxide.
Alumina,
Lime,
Magnesia,
Carbonic acid.
Phosphoric acid.
Sulphuric acid,
Titanic oxide, -
50.150
10.475
7.324
1.818
0.060
0.480
7.391
6.350
5.686
4.420
0.201
0.016
1.260
••V
«• V V
V. » fc b
DESCRIPTION OP ORE BANKS. C. 11
Per tviit.
Alkalies, 2.190
Water, 2.142
Sum, 99.903
Loss, 0.037
00.000
This gives : —
Percent.
Metallic iron, 14.125
Metallic manganese, - - - 0.334
Metallic titanium, .... 0.768
Metallic copper, .... 0.029
Sulphur, 0.988
Phosphorus, 0.088
Magnetite separated by magnet, - 4.360
4. Lamotfs Ore-opening. {1^,45,)
This is situated about six miles west of Xcw Freedom, and
one-half mile north of the State line.
The ore taken from an excavation south of and close to the
road near Lamott's is said to have been of very good quality,
but not in large quantity. The opening is now filled with
dirt, and the only specimens obtained were from the loose debris
around its mouth.
5. Keeney's Bank, (1^,4.5.)
This bank, leased by Miley & buttons, is situated on the
State line, about three-quarters of a mile from Lamott's house.
It has been operated for about three years, and was in active
operation in August, 1874.
The ore is a brown hematite or limonite, and is found lying
in lumps and earthy concretions in a mass of clay. The dip
of the adjacent strata appears to be about north 25° west; 45°.
About twenty-eight tons can be mined per day and sent to
Lebanon. Practically, all the ore is washed, though not un-
frequently lumps of various sizes and good quality are found
imbedded in the clay. The mining of this employs the services
of five men, at wages of $1 15 per day. The ore is taken out
12 C. P. FRAZER, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, ISTi- To.
by two carts from an open cut. Twelve men in all are em-
ployed. Only eighteen to twenty tons were l)eing taken out
at the date of the inspection of *this mine.
6. Cameron Company^ s Bank. iUf 45-)
Situated a quarter of a mile from Wentz's store, in Baltimore
county, Md., just over the State line.
This bank had also been opened about three years previous
to August, 1874, but was not then in operation, and was full of
water.
Specimens from the dump pile were obtained, which promised
a very good quality of limonite. The rock with which the ore
occurred was crystalline schists weathered into clay. No ex-
posures permitted the determination of the dip.
7. James Currents Bank. {Viii, 48; F, 74-)
Situated about one mile south of the Margaretta furnace.
Tliis bank was opened about thirty years ago, by Eckert k
Guilford, owners, who worked it but a short time and sold it
to George Ileindle, who worked it three or four years and sold
it to John Givens. John Givens, after working it about the
same length of time, sold it to the present owner, Jas. Curren,
of Wrightsville. It has lain idle for ten years or more. Ore
shelly limonite occurring in clay.
8. W. G. Case's Bank. {Viii,4S: v,74)
This bank was opened by Curren & Evans, twenty-three years
ago and was worked by them two or three years. The pro-
perty owned by Jacob Keller, was then leased to Mr. Eagle,
of Marietta, who worked it about two years. Mr. Case, of Co-
lumbia, then bought the property of 198 acres, including the
bank, and worked the latter some months himself, since which
time the bank has been idle. The ore which is exposed in the
bank ten feet from the surface, is a shelly limonite, said to be
magnetic, but the specimens obtained did not exhibit this pro-
l^rty.
9. Bed Lion Summit Openings. (-X, 78.)
On the Pea*ch Bottom railroad, on property owned by widow
Meyers, at Red Lion Summit, a very ferruginous schist was
DESCRIPTION OF ORE BANKS. C. 13
«
found, which almost deserves the name of an ore and lies well
in the third range of ores as given in this report.
The only points at which the ore was prospected, (except in
the railroad cut,) were several openings in the woods not far
from this station, where openings had been made and had filled
4ip, but the debris around the mouths of these excavations
showed no sign of the existence of a serviceable ore, to say
nothing of its quantity.
10. Gladfelter's {old P. Williams') Bank, (zx, i7; jr, 91.)
This bank is very old, not having been wrought for more
than forty years. The property which includes it is owned by
•Gladfelter. An immense amount of ore must have been ob-
tained from it, as the excavations are numerous and both deep
And extensive. It is no longer wrought.
11. BnUharfs Bank, (zz, 20 : iv, 90.)
Situated one and a half miles east north-east of LogansviUe.
This bank is leased and worked by C. S. Kaufman, for Colum-
bia furnace. One engine of 15 horse power and 15 men are em-
ployed in getting out the ore. The ore is almost entirely wash
ore, and of good quality. It so nearly resembles that of the
larger Feigley mine, which is a continuation of the cutting,
that both can perhaps be better described under this head.
12. Feigley Bank, (ix, go; XF, 89.)
This extensive bank, which adjoint and in fact runs into the
«
preceding, was opened by Musselman seveii years ago. Its pro-
prietors have been Musselman, Denny, Hess and Kaufman.
About fifty thousand tons of ore have been removed. The
ore is a limonitefor the greater part, finely disseminated
through a mass of clay, which in some places has been pene-
trated for forty feet or more. This ore occurs in irregular seg-
regations through the clay, and is more than 90 per cent, wash
ore. The lump is of the same character, quite hard, but so in-
timately intersected by seams of clay that its per cent of iron
is not quite as high as that of the washed ore.
A dark blue compact and heavy argillaceous ore occurs here
also, which is said to contain a higher per cent of iron than
the limonite itself.
14 C. p. FRAZER, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874-75.
There is also to be found a peculiar "honey comb ore," con-
sisting of minute plates of the limonite, so intricately knit to-
gether as to give the general appearance of a wasp's nest.
About twenty-five men, at $1 20 per day, including every
one, and forty horses, are employed. The ore is hauled to
Gladfolter's station, Northern Central raih-oad, a distance oi ^
four miles, and at a cost of about 'Qb cents per ton. Three en-
gines are in use, of 20, 15 and 10 hoi-se power respectively, con-
suming about 40 tons of bituminous coal (say $250) per month.
An inclined plane carries it to the washer from the mine,
where it lies in nests and pockets.
There is generally no trouble from water, enough being ob-
tained to supjjly the washers and not enough to interfere with
the operation of mining.
The ore is all shipped to Columbia furnace, and mixed with
Cornwall ores makes a neutral foundry and forge iron. When
melted alone it makes a very good foundry iron.'
The greater part of the forge iron is sold in the neighborhood
of Columbia, while the market for the foundry is further east.
The price of this latter is usually about $1 00 less than that
from the Lehigh district.
An analysis of an average sample of the ore, by Mr. J*
Blodget Britton, of Philadelphia, showed :
Per cent.
Metallic iron,
-
-
46.080
Oxygen, -
-
m m
19.740
Water and organic
matter,
10.940
Insoluble siliceous
residue,
18.660
Sulphur,
-
m m
Ifone.
Phosphorus,
-
m m a
0.690
Alumina, -
-
-
1.920
Lime,
-
m m
0.170
Magnesia, -
-
m m
0.560
Manganese,
-
m m
0.330
Undetermined,
•
m m
m m
0.910
Total .
. 1 00.000
. An interesting feature of these two banks (really but one) is
the occurrence in them of a finely bluish laminated limestone,
;
DESCRIPTION OF ORE BANKS. C. 15
containing white crystalline limestone scattered through it in
spots, resembling in certain portions a calcareous conglomerate,
while in others it bears the appearance of being simply mottled.
Tliis limestone in the Feigley bank and also in the bed of
the little run flowing through this valley, dips about north 20^
west; 85°.
In an excavation on the face of a hill from which it was
quarried (about quarter of a mile east of the dump pile at
Brillhart's) it is so intercalated with flakes of crystalline hy-
dro-micas resembling those of the schists, as to be almost unre-
cognizable, although containing over 78 per cent of the carbo-
nates of lime and magnesia.
An analysis of this rock will be found at another place.
The dip of the fine laminae both in the bed of the creek and
in the quarry just referred to, is about north 20° west ; 85°.
The thickness of this bed is diflScult to ascertain, but it is
probably not much over 400 feet.
Another interesting, though not unusual feature of this bank
is the occurrence of decomposed slates and adhesive clay, as the
matrix in which the ore is imbedded.
The latter is clearly but the ultimate stage of alteration of the
former, and its relation to the limestone-leaves no doubt about
the horizon in which the two occur, while the parallelism
which it exhibits to other occurrences of ore elsewhere throws
light on the whole subject of the genesis of these limonites be-
low the great Lower Silurian (Upper Cambrian) limestone val-
leys.
13. IIofacker*3 Bank, (^ii, 4s ; ix, gs,)
The old opening wrought eighty or one hundred years ago,
lies about seven miles south-east of Ilanover, and three miles
north of the Maryland line.
This is an extensive quarrj^ in hard indurated chlorite slates,
intersected by numerous quartz veins, and studded with pyrite
and (in places) chalcopyrite. The rocks here are nearly verti-
cal, and strike about north 20° east.
About nine hundred feet north by east from this old opening,
the Wrightsville Iron Company has leased and opened a bank.
Work was commenced in April, 1874, but in October, but four
16 C. p. FRAZER, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874-'75.
men were employed at one dollar per day of eleven hours, and
fibout four tons were produced daily.
The ore is mostly limonite with some magnetic, and is cold
short. It occurs in regular bed and not much of it needs
washing.
It is driven out of the open cut by carts, and transported to
Black Rock Station, Bachman Valley railroad, a distance of
two and a half miles. The ore is all used by lessees.
The apparent dip of crystalline schists in the cut, is east 20°
south ; 50°. But in the quarry where the basset edges ai'e finely .
. Bxposed, their dip is vertical with the same strike of north 20°
east.
14. Benade's Shaft.*
About three-fourths of a mile south-west of the Hofacker
openings is a shaft sunk by Mr. Benade of Hanover, from
which about one and a half tons of ore have been taken, on Eli
Bomgardner's property. No ore in paying quantities is in sight
-at present. The shaft is about twenty-eight feet deep and rock
at the bottom is much contorted. Two men are employed. '
Boulders of quartzite abound in the neighboring fields, but no
«!exposure was found on which to base reliable data for struc-
ture.
The specimen of ore from this pit is a very coarse shaly slate,
impregnated with ferric hydrate sufficiently to give it the right
to the title of a lean ore.
15. Wilton's Bank, iviii.ss.)
Situated about one and a quarter miles south-east of Wrights-
-ville, and one-third of a mile from the Susquehanna.
It was opened in 1850, and wrought then, and subsequently
in 1855 and 1858. About 12,000 tons of brown hematite have
•been taken out by Henry Wilton, who leased the property from
Jabez Jenkins. The mine, together with 149 acres of land on
which it occurs, are owned by Harris Wilton. At present no
work is being done, and there is no machinery at the pit mouth,
l)ut it has fallen shut, and is now partly covered by vegetation.
* Work on this opening has been suspended since the above observations were
mcLde.
DESCRIPTION OF ORE BANKS. C. 17
A large deposit of ore is said to be found at 65 feet below
the surface.
No specimens were found about the opening which would
<jonvey any accurate idea of the nature of the ore.
This ore occurs in a ravine about 700 feet wide at the mouth,
(a terrace of 50 feet occupying the southern side,) while the en-
closing slate hills are high and abrupt.
The exploitation for ore was first made at the point marked^*,
OQ the sketch. A tunnel was afterwards driven in to connect
these various shafts and drain the mine. This has long since
fallen shut. The belt of limestone so often referred to, strikes
across the northern half of the ravine about east 10° north, and
itlong the bed of the run.
The shaft A, was sunk 55 feet to a bed four feet thick, dip-
ping with the slates.
At 2, about 100 tons were taken out.
y. The original shaft has been closed for fifteen j^ears or more.
About 700 or 800 tons were taken out here.
A, Was the western limit of the tunnel, but has now fallen in.
At c, a shaft 70 feet deep was sunk, where a bed of impure
gritty kaoline clay about 18 feet thick was passed through.
In the same shaft about 20 feet beneath 'the surface, a bed of
nine feet of red clay was passed through. The white clay seems
to strike north-east and south-west and the red about east and
west.
16. Daniel Leber* ^ Bank. (viti,s7; v,75.)
A little over three miles south south-east of Wrights ville,
and little over half a mile from the Susquehanna river.
This shaft was opened one year ago and was leased to Skills
A Fry. Three men were (September 22) working in it and
getting out considerable quantities of ore, which is mostly
lump ore. The character of the specimen selected for the cab-
inet is that of a compact, testaceous, hard limonite. Here, as
in a few other localities in this county, the concretionary char-
acter of the limonite is well exhibited by plates or concentric
shells of ore, separated by layers of cl&y. Where these have
been worn or broken there is frequently left a ring ot ore of
which the central portion is usually missing.
2— C.
18 C. p. FRAZER, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874-75.
The ore is got out at present by means of a windlass.
The soil in the vicinity of the mine was of a dark brown
color, due to fragments of wash ore on the surface.
About 1,050 feet south 15° west from this pit, limestone in
place exhibits a dip of south 22° east ; 40°. This is the con-
tinuation south-westwardly of a fold in the Auroral limestone
at Cabin Branch run.
West 30° north 570 feet from Leber's is
17. John Emig's Bank^ No. 1. {Viiij S8; F, 74.)
This has completely fallen shut, not having been in operation
for seven years. A specimen was obtained from the dump pile.
Here again the persistency of these beds near the junction ot
the lower slates with the Auroral limestone, is well marked.
18. John Emig^a Bank^ No. 2.
Situated about a quarter of a mile west of Jas. Emig's bank
on the north side of the Margaretta furnace and Wrightsville
road. This bank is very old and has been for five years aban-
doned.
There is no machinery there, and the buildings are in a state
of decay
The shaft is said to have been 110 feet deep, and the ore is
said to have been so hard and tenacious at the bottom that
blasting was necessary. It is also said that there was very lit-
tle wash ore but that most of it was Brown Hematite lump.
It had been leased to Hildebrand, of "West Chester, but the
lease had long since expired and had not been renewed.
19. George Keller's Shaft. ( vin, so.)
Situated about two and a half miles from Prospect and four
miles from Wrightsville.
The shaft was opened about ten years ago, and was leased
first to the Wrightsville Iron Company. It was afterwards
leased to Skills & Fry, of Lancaster, but their lease has now ex-
pired. Two shafts have been sunk ; the one seventy feet deep
and the other thirty feet deep. Almost all of the ore is said
to be lump ore and must be blasted. It occurred very near the
surface of the ground.
I
»
r
DEBCRIPTION OP. ORE BANKS. C. 19
The water is pumped and the ore is raised from these shafts
by horse-power.
The gangue seems to be hydro-mica slate partly reduced to
a very sandy condition and among the debris around the pit
mouth occur many lumps of quartzite covered with a film con-
sisting of small dark green crystals.
The ore is magnetic to a large extent. .
A highly crystalline limestone crops out in the immediate
vicinity having a dip of south 22° east ; 54°.
20. Reuben Burg's Bank, iviiij 42.)
Situated about three and a half miles a little east of south
of Wrightsville, and a little over one and a third miles north
of east of the Margaretta furnace.
The ore shaft was opened about three years ago, (by whom
was not ascertained.)
There is at present no lease on the property.
The ore was found in lumps in the bottom of the shaft, thirty
feet from the surface.
The specimen obtained was a limonite, charged with much
magnetic iron, which strongly affected the needle.
21. John SrrudVs Bank. {Viii, 49; r, 7s,)
Situated about one-half mile west of the preceding, and about
the same distance north-east of Margaretta furnace.
Mr. Slaymaker originally owned this bank, but it was pur-
chased some fourteen years ago by Mr. Small, whose son has
wrought it himself for about two years. The ore resembles
that of the Margaretta furnace banks, especially the black ore
from that vicinity. There is no engine used here, but the water
is pumped and the washer is driven by horse power. The lump
and wash ore are about equal in the production of this bank.
The distance to shipping station and cost of transportation are
about the same as for the Margaretta furnace.
The teams are owned by J. Hoke, who charges 90 cents per
ton for hauling.
There is no trouble derived from water, neither too much to
permit proper working nor too little to supply the washer.
The greater part of the ore is shipped to Havre de Grace,
and used by Whitaker & Sons. It is hauled out of the bank:
20 C. p. FRAZER, JR., REPORT OP PROGRESS, 1874-75.
by carts. The ore is used for the manufacture of foundry iron,
and is sold for $4 00 per ton at the canal. The excavation is
close by the Margaretta-Wrightsvillo road.
22. Margaretta Furnace Banks, (r, 7S: viiiy 49, so.)
These banks were opened by Mr. Slaymaker. Those nearest
the old furnace were purchased twenty-four years ago by Ilahn
& Ilimes, of whoifl the latter still resides in the mansion house.
Tliese gentlemen have been working the banks for seven years.
The ores are various forms of limonite, turgite and the iron
hydrates generally. They are brittle, arenaceous and shelly, and
pass by insensible gradations into the slaty gangue in which
they are imbedded. They are said to contain 45 per cent, of
metallic iron. The black ore (a purer variety) is said to yield
near the theoretical limit, or 60 per cent.
About 200 tons per week were obtained, but the ore was
brought out in carts, there being no engine except one of 60
horse power at the furnace.
Charcoal was employed for the reduction of these ores, and
the heat for steam generation was procured by leading the ig-
nited gases from the tunnel head beneath the boilers.
All the ore sold was transported to tide water canal, distant
two miles, at a cost of $2 00 per ton. The teams were owned
by the company. The iron made at the furnace itself was
foundry, and it was used for hollow ware and sold to the Bal-
timore market. It is said to have run very well: there was no
better iron for this ware. It worked veiy soft in the furnace.
There was not too much water for mining purposes, but the
pump was constantly employed. The ore lies in bunches or
nests in a very much decomposed slate, or in clay to which
they have been converted. The black ore, though smaller in
quantity, is more regular where it occurs, and seems to have
tilled cavities between the strata.
The gangue is mica slate, but is not exposed in a sujficiently
undecomposed state to permit its actual dip to be determined.
The foundry iron produced here fetched $55 per ton 18 years
ago.
No analyses were obtained of this ore.
An average sample of the ore collected by Mr. Himes, and
fthtpped to Mr. M'Creath for analysis, gave the following result :
p
DESCRIPTIOJf OP ORE BANES.
C. 21
The ore was a brown hematite of shelly
structure, containing
cavities filled with gothite, etc., and also free quartz. The analy-
sis showed :
Per cent.
Insoluble residue, - - - .
- 15.630
Sesquioxide of iron,
- 69.714
Alumina, - - - - .
- 1.422
Manganese sesquioxide,
• 1.185
Phosphoric acid, - . - .
- 0.844
Sulphuric acid, ....
- 0.095
Lime,
- 0.106
Magnesia, - . - - .
- 0.194
"Water, . - . . .
■ 11.100
Total, . - - . .
- 100.240
Metallic iron, - - - .
- 18.800
Metallic manganese,
- .0.790
Sulphur,
- 0.038
Phosphorus,
- 0.343
The analysis of the ignited insoluble rci
sidue gave :
rer cent.
Silica, 12.870
Iron sesquioxide, 0.250
Alumina, 1.830
Lime, 0.020
Magnesia, 0.120
Ignited insoluble residue.
Loss, - - - -
- 15.090
. 0.540
23. John Keller's Bank. {Viii. 55.)
Situated about one and three-fourth miles a little north of
Tvest of the Margaretta furnace.
It was opened eight years ago by Mr. Keller himself, since
which time about 1,000 tons of ore have been taken out, all
within the first six months of its opening. Xo work has been
done in the mine since that time. There is no machinery at
the bank. Completely fallen shut. Just north of the bank very
ferruginous slates dip south 20® east; 70°.
22 C. P. FRAZER, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874-'75.
24. Dr. X W, BarcrofCs '{sometimes called Butcher* s) Bank.
This bank lies two miles north of west of the Margaretta
furnace/ adjacent to the claim of Ilahn & Ilimes, and about
500 feet south-west of Keller's. The bank was originally owned
by H. J. Slaymaker and has been thirty -four years opened. It
was leased to J. Eagle, of Marietta, who suspended work in it
six years ago. The ore is cold-short, of plate-like structure,
hard, flinty and tenacious, and shows an unusually large amount
of black glassy coating and innumerable small mamillary sta-
lactites, besides knobs and ridges. The edges of these plates
very generally show the fibrous structure of gothite. A large
portion of the ore must have been lump, as it lies in the clay
in deposits of large size, and tolerably regular as a whole,
though the massive ore bed is itself but a belt of irregular
crescent-like masses dipping in slates about east 10° north ;
30°. The slates are very much decomposed, and in many
places are reduced to fine clay. A portion of the upper layer
of the bed is composed of glassy limonite and turgite.
The ore was shipped to Emig's station, and would cost now
$1 50 per ton for transportation, but was hauled at the time the
bank was last in operation for $1 12 per ton. The railroad
charge is about two cents per ton per mile. It was used in Mr.
Eagle's furnaces at Chickies, near Columbia. Water did not
interfere with the working. A rotten slaty limestone occurs
near this bank.
Musselman & Watts worked this bank for some time, and
extracted from it about 10,000 tons.
An analysis furnished by Mr. Watts, shows :
Silica,
Peroxide of iron,
Alumina, -
Water,
Sum, -
Undetermined,
Total, .
Per cent.
26.750
47.150
1.700
11.400
87.000
13.000
100.000
DESCRIPTION OF ORE BANKS. C. 23
This correspondB to
Percent.
Metallic iron, - - • . • - 33.005
25. Christian Barley's Bank. {Viii, 59,)
Situated about one mile west of the Barcroft bank.
It had been opened about six years ago, at which time Mr.
Brillinger was the lessee. It was used occasionally for about
two years, during which time about 400 tons of ore were taken
^ oat. It is now leased. Xo outcrops were observed. The spe-
cimen from this bank is a compact dark brown hematite with
much clay.
26. Samuel Hengsfs Bank. {Viii, eo.)
Situated about 900 feet south of west of Barley's.
It was opened about six years ago, by Stahm, Keller & Leon,
who worked the bank for three years, during which time they
got out in the neighborhood of 3,050 tons of brown hematite
■ore. The bank has lain idle without lease ever since.
^ The specimen taken was a coarse conglomerate, containing
much segregated limonite, with adhering ferruginous slates.
The excavation is about fifteen feet deep.
27. Closer's (nexo) Bank. (TJ/t, 15; r. so,)
Situated about two miles south south-east of Longstown, and
four and a half miles east south-east of York.
It was opened nine years ago and leased by !Mr. Myers of Ma-
rietta, but has not been worked for some years. The clay
banks and bottom are much covered by vegetation. Tlie en-
gine house is still standing, although the machinery has been all
, taken away. The exposure is very poor, but the ore is seen in
^ places in the sides of the pit. The specimen obtained from this
bank was a pale buff limonite, containing the other hydrated
oxides of iron and much clay.
28. Ensminger*s Openings.
Situated, the one west 1,000 feet, and the bank proper 1,700
feet south-west of Aloser's new bank.
The east bank was opened eight yeai-s ago, by H. K. Storm
k Price. It was re-opened last fall, 1873 by Mr. Powell of
24 C. p. FRAZER, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874-75.
York. It has never been properly worked. Some of the Ore
has been sold to Myers and to Iless. It is thought to be a
" vein" by Mr. S. Ensminger, by which is to be understood that
the ore is tolerably regular and continuous. The best speci-
men which could be obtained from the new opening, was a
limonite with much associated clay. That from the old open-
ing was a compact dark brown limonite.
29. Moser's {old) Bank. {Viii,ii; ¥,54.)
This bank lies a little less than four miles south-east of York, 1
and but a few hundred yards west of the Peach Bottom rail-
road. The character of the ore is very various, accompanied,. .
near the western heading, by masses of quartz and decomposed
argillites, stained by iron oxide. The excavation, which is or
very great size, has almost entirely fallen shut, and the side*
are obscured by the wash from above, while there is a considera-
ble amount of water in the bottom. The sides are mainly com-
posed of yellow^, white and blue clays, in which large boulders
of ore are observed. The bottom is strewed with lumps, ot ^
which much is compact and lean. The length of the bank is
about 250 yards, the deei^est part being at the north-east end*
The amounts of lump and wash ore obtained from this bank
were about equal.
This bank was originally opened about fifty years ago and
worked, first by the York Furnace Co. ; second by Jno. A^
"Wright & Co. ; third by Schonberger, Musselman k Co. ; fourth
by Musselman & Watts, and fifth by Musselman & Sons.
The total yield of iron from the time Schonberger, Mussel-
man & Co. purchased the bank, in 1850, was 42,090 tons.
The ore w^as hauled to York at about $1 00 to $1 25 per ton* ^
The load was 3 to 5 tons. The hauling was done by John )
Strine, who owned an interest in the bank. It was taken out
of the bank both by carts and inclined railroad. It was used
by Musselman in his furnace at Marietta.
One specimen obtained from the weighing platform df this
bank, exhibited parallel flat plates united together by one or
the other edges, the space between being filled with lepidocro-
cite and stalactite limonite and turgite. Another was of botry-
oidal appearance, and covered with black glassy turgite(?) A
DESCRIPTION OF ORE BANKS. 0. 25^
third was a compact brownish black limonite. A very large
specimen, weighing fifty or sixty pounds, exhibited all these
peculiarities together, and also a peculiar septated structure^
the ridges being an inch or more in height, and uniformly cov-
ered with glassy ore.
A partial analysis furnished by the Messrs. Watts was as-
follows :
Per cent.
Metallic iron, .... 40.000
Silica, 32.700
Sulphur, trace.
Phosphorus, 1.170
Water, 8.070
Sum, 81.940
Undetermined, - - - - 18.060
Total, 100.000
30. Moser^s {oldest) Opening. {Viii, n.)
A still older opening is seen just across the road (about 200
feet,) W. of the S. W. end of the "Old Moser iBank," about
which no information was obtained. It is more than probable
that this bank was a part of the operation of Musselman &
Co., and the ore is of course of the same character as that in
the larger bank.
The specimen obtained from this old opening was a compact
dark brown limonite.
George Leader s. (ZF, 73,)
About one-half mile E. of the Baltimore turnpike, on the
East Branch of the Codorus creek, occurs a coarse conglom-
erate of slate and crystalline schist imbedded in a ferruginous
matrix almost worthy of the name of an ore. The dip ap-
peared to be E. 20° S. 42°.
This is mentioned among the ore localities because it is on
the strike of the range now being followed from Leber's to the
line of banks along the Hanover Branch railroad, and is an ex-
hibition of an unusually ferruginous rock.
This ferruginous conglomerate deflects the needle slightly.
26 C. p. FHAZER, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874-75.
31. Leader's Hill. (iJr, 21 : JF, 84.)
An old opening on the side of a hill, three-quarters of a
mile N. W. of JS'ew Paradise. Slates dipping E. 20^ S, 84°,
No ore showing.
32. Samuel Hess' Bank. {iv,78,)
This excavation lies about five miles due south of York and
About two mile^ north-west of Logansville. The main excava-
tion is about 150 feet long and 15 feet deep in slates. It was
opened five or six years ago, and was first leased by the Thomas
Iron Company, but the lease ran out and was not renewed as
the ore was pronounced too sandy
The slates here strike about north 20° east almost vertical.
The specimen was a brown sandy hematite. The slates in this
vicinity are asbestiform.
33. D. Falkcnsiine's Shaft, {in, 1.)
This was an old abandoned shaft about three-quarter miles
flouth-east of Gladfelter's station Northern Central railroad.
The farm had been leased to Mr. C. P. Kauffman of Columbia.
A body of ore is said to exist about 1,000 feet north.
No developments had been made, and the only specimen ob-
tained was a sandy slate, highly impregnated with iron oxide.
34. B. Meyer's Opening, iiii, g.)
This is a small excavation to the west of the railroad, and
about 1,200 feet north-west of Gladfelter's station. Mr. B.
Meyer obtained a lease and gave Messrs. Landis & Cameron the
contract to work it. The slates which form this ore strike
about north 30° east and stand vertically. From an analysis
reported to have been made in Philadelphia, it was ascertained
to contain 35 per cent, of iron. I
35. Stambach's Shaft, {in, s.)
Situated about a quarter of a mile west of Gladfelter's sta-
tion Northern Central railroad. This is merely an exploitation
«haft from which have been obtained dark colored slates, with
Bmall crystals of micaceous and magnetic iron ore.
36. Gladfelter's Bank, {in, j.)
fiituated about three-quarters of a mile west of Gladfelter's
I
{
H
DESCRIPTION OF ORE BANKS. C. 27
station Iforthern Central railroad. This is merely a pit some
ten feet deep, exposing vertical slates, with a strike of north
84° east. A specimen of limonite was obtained.
37. Geisselman's Bank, {iv, 7.)
Situated about one-fourth of a mile from the railroad, be-
tween Gladfelter's and Seven Valley (Smyser's) station.
Four small shafts have been sunk about four years ago, and
were worked by Landis & Cameron, for about two years. They
have filled up now and are no longer in operation. The speci-
mens obtained were hydro-mica slates impregnated with oxide
of iron.
38. Gladfclter^s Ore^ Thomas Iron Compang. {iv, 8.)
The operations of the Thomas Iron Company on Geisselman's
farm, about one-fourth of a mile south-west of Smyser's, or Seven
Valley station, comprise two ore-pits or open cuts, and three
shafts.
In the bank the slope has been continued 200 feet in depth,
and three drifts have been run into the ore. The north-east-
erly bank is 25 feet deep, with a shaft at its lower extremity of
30 feet. These are not at present being worked. The next
bank, a few hundred feet south-west is also disused, but the
shaft just east of it and 15 feet deep, is furnishing ore. The
first of these banks covers an area of a little less than half an
acre and the latter an area of about three-fourths of an acre.
At the north-east heading of the next bank south-westward,
is an engine house at the head of the inclined plane. This
bank covers an area of about one and one-fourth acres.
An analysis of this ore, kindly furnished by Mr. Mickley, of
the Thomas Iron Company, Hokendauqua, is as follows :
Per cent.
Metallic iron, 51.700
Sulphur, none
Phosphorus, - - - . ^ - 0.052
Silica, 6.000
Alumina, 16.400
74.152
Oxygen, water and organic matter, (?) 25.848
Total, 100.00
28 C. p. FRAZER, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874-75.
■
The specimen of this ore, selected for the cabinet, was a hard
brown compact hematite, containing included clay.
39. Walter's Bank. (FT, 19; iv, is,)
Situated about three-fourths of a mile north of west of Han-
over Junction station, N'orthern Central and Hanover Branch
railroads.
It had been leased by Searle & Findlay, but was abandoned
about a year ago, though in August it contained comparatively
little water.
The ore lies in loose decomposed schists, in irregular bunches
or segregations. The sides are much washed down, but con-
siderable quantities of hard limonite can be seen in the west
heading, in places when it appears to descend at a steep angle
west of north. The hanging rock and the foot rock are of a
very much decomposed sandy slate. The bank covers an area
of about three- fourths of an acre, and is about 40 feet deep*
The engine house is still standing.
It was said that this bank was about to be again worked by
Mr. John S. Davis, of Gettysburg.
The best specimen which could be found was a coarse grained
slate highly impregnated with oxide of iron.
40. Daniel CroiiCs {Masselman <f Watts') Bank, (/r, 48.)
Situated about one-third of a mile north-east of Strickhouser's
station, Hanover Branch railroad.
It is an irregular excavation for over 800 feet along the side
of the road, which had been leased by Mr. A. H. Musselman,
some years ago, apd worked at irregular intervals since. The
sides had almost completely fallen in, and a considerable amount
of water was in the bottom. It is about 18 feet deep at the J
eastern end.
The specimens obtained were a hard, compact, arenaceous
limonite.
41. H. R. KnotwelVs Shaft, {iv, 46.)
Situated on the hill in which the York iron company's opera-
tions are conducted, and about one-half a mile to the eastward
of Strickhouser's ravine.
I
DESCRIPTION OF ORE BANKS. C. 29
This shaft, (8x4 feet) which was being sunk in August, was
in hard ore and had reached a depth of 27 feet. Cribbing ex-
tends from the top.
The farm on which this shaft is being sunk was leased 13
jears ago by its owner, Mr. Strickhouser, for 99 years.
In August no ore had been shipped from herfj.
There has been employed on this work for two months, nine
men at $1 12 per day, and one foreman at $2 00 per day.
The ore from here is identical with that of the York iron
<jompany.
This operation has been abandoned since the date above al-
luded to.
42. Strickhouser* s Opening, (/r, 46,)
This is a shaft in the woods, about 1,200 feet west, a little
west of south, of Knotwell's shaft. Opened about 13 years
ago. No exposures give the dip with certainty. Probably
nearly vertical. Strike about north 40^ east. It has been
leased by Mr. Xnotwell, of ISTcw Haven, Ct.,but is not wrought
:at present.
The oje is of the same quality as that of the York Iron com-
pany's mine.
One excavation which bears north 89° east, and is 200 feet
long, 30 feet wide and 10 feet deep. Tliere is a shaft in the
middle 10 feet deep,
43. KfiotweWs Opening. (IV, 49.)
Situated about 1,600 feet a little west of north of the ex-
<»vation of the York Iron company, near Strickhouser's sta-
tion. The opening is about 200 feet long, running from the
mouth in a south-east direction, and is hauled out by cart.
Dip in the bank, east 8° south ; 66°.
At another exposure in the vicinity the strikes appeared to
be about north 20° east.
44. York Iron Company*s 3Iine. (ir; 49.)
This is the most widely known bank in York county, and
its ore is familiar to iron masters under the name "Codorus Ore."
The "Codorus," "Strickhouser," or York Iron Company's
Mine, was originally opened in 1854 by John Musselman, but
30 C. p. FRAZER, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874-75.
has since been purchased by the York Iron company, of York,
Pa., which has worked it more or less continuously since 1861,
and continuously since May, 1873. The ore consists of a hard,
compact slate, highly charged with micaceous and some mag-
netic ore.
The foil owing, statements were furnished by Mr. Kraber of
the York Iron Company :
From 10 to 20 tons are mined per diem, but this amount
might be increased almost indefinitely owing to the unusually
convenient situation for mining.
The slates which form this ore are intersected by a small
stream which flows downward through Strickhouser's Ravine.
These slates stand almost vertical and form a hill some 90 feet
high, which enables the workmen to mine by open cut above
water level, or shaft and drift on the vein, with the minimum
amount of timbering.
About 12 to 25 miners are employed at this work, the num-
ber varying with the demand for the ore. No machinery is ne-
cessary as the ore is mined in an open cut above water level. J
On the surface there is stripping about 10 feet thick. The ore
is transported in cars three-fourths of a mile to the Hanover
Branch railroad, over the company's own sidings, down an in-
cline of 75 feet in height. It costs, at present, fifty cents to
transport an eight wheel car back to the mine. The only haul-
ing necessary is that of the cars to the mine and some minor
work about the cut.*
The following three partial analyses are extracted from Prof.
Lesley's report on this property to Messrs. Musselman & Watts:
Percent.
The soft ore gave Sulphur, - - - 0.007
Metallic iron, - - 39.280
The hard ore Sulphur, - - - 0.005
Metallic iron, - - 26.650
A specimen from a different outcrop gave:
Silica, - 47.500
Alumina, 8.650
>
♦ The discussion in regard to the so caUed " Silicon Steel " which is not
even yet entirely closed, was brought up by the claims made for this ore. —
The whole subject is too fletmiliar to experts to need re|>etition here
DESCRIPTION OF ORE BANES.
C. 81
Per cent.
Magnesia, - - . - . traca
Per(?)oxide of iron, .. - - 37.150
Metallic iron, - , - - - 26.000
Still another specimen gave :
Silica, 34.100
Metallic iron, - . . .' 46.130
Phosphorus, 0.220
The residue, after crushing and separating with a magnet,
showed :
Per cent.
Silica,
Lime,
Alumina, -
Manganese oxide.
Titanic oxide,
Chromic oxide, -
Phosphoric acid, -
1.800
0.850
0.330
0.220
0.140
0.130
0.080
3.550
Still another analysis, kindly furnished hy Mr. E. Mickley,
of Hokendauqua, gave for the " white ore:"
Per cent
Metallic iron, 33.4 ; or, if all magnetic, 46.100
Sulphur, none
Phosphorus, 1.258
Silica, 15.000
Alumina, 16.000
Undetennined,
78.358
21.642
Total, . - . - 100 0:0
A record of determinations of the silicious matter, iron and
phosphorus in the Codorus ore made before the organization
of the survey has been kindly sent to me by Mr. A. S. M'Creath,
and is as follows :
. SUIcIfras matter.
Jan. 8,1873, 32.400
July 16, 1873,
July 22, 1873, —
Oct. 18,1873,
Iron.
Pho^phbnis.
33.200
0.452
34.250
0.491
34.800
0.229
; 5.250
0.340
52 C. p. FRAZER, JR., REPORT OP PROGRESS, 1874-'75.
Average composition in this determination :
Silicious matter,
Metallic iron, - - - . .
Phosphorus, - - - - - • -
Sum, -
Undetermined,
Per cent.
82.400
34.875
0.378
67.158
32.847
Total, .100.000
An average lot of samples were collected and forwarded to
Mr. M'Creath for analysis of which the following is a tabular
statement :
Per cent.
Ferrous oxide.
Ferric oxide,
Manganese sesquioxide.
Alumina, ....
Lime,
Magnesia, . • • .
Sulphuric acid.
Phosphoric acid, .
Water,
Insoluble residue.
Sum, . . • •
Excess, • • • .
This corresponds to :
Metallic iron.
Metallic manganese , .
Phosphorus,
Sulphur, . . . . ,
Ignited InsdvMe Residue.
Silica,
Ferrous oxide.
Alumina,
Lime,
Magnesia, ....
Insoluble in hydrochloric acid,
Total iron, ....
0.900
50.857
0.108
1.680
0.862
0.803
0.011
0.513
1.690
48.425
100.294
0.294
36.300
0.071
0.224
0.004
36.990
1.310
4.090
*0.050
0.510
42.950
0.917
37.217
i
/
DESCRIPTION OF ORE BANKS. C. 33
45. Jdcob Sheaffer's Pit, (JF, 60.)
Situated about one-half mile south of the York Iron Com-
pany's mine.
Opened seven years ago, and leased to A. 11. Muaselman.
About 350 tons of limonite have been extracted. The pit is
now abandoned and the ore is said to have entirely run out.
46. Thomas Iron Company^ Old Pit (zr, si.)
Situated about 1,700 feet south-west of Sheafter's.
It is now filled up. It was opened five years ago and wrought
for a year. Now abandoned. The survey is indebted to Mr.
E. Mickley, of the Thomas Iron Company, for an analysis of an
ore from the Thomas Iron Company's farm, (exact place not
specified,) which belongs here.
Per cent.
Metallic iron, 36.000
Sulphur, none
Phosphorus, 0.537
Silica, 15.500
Alumina, 22.000
Sum, 74.037
Oxygen, organic matter, water and loss, 25.963
Total, 100.000
47. Thomas Iron Company's Bank^ No. 2. {iv, ss.)
This operation which consists of two banks and one shaft,
lies about 2,700 feet south-east of No. 1.
They were opened about five years ago, and worked off* and
on since then, but are about to be abandoned, and the machi
nery removed to Smyser's station.
The shaft is about thirty feet deep, and one engine of 20-horse
power was standing. Fifteen to twenty men had been em-
ployed at $1 25 per day, with a foreman at §40 per month, who
also acted as engineer. The foreman contracted to haul all the
ore to the siding, distant one-fourth of a mile, on the Ilanover
Branch railroad, at 27 cents per ton. The washer has ninety-
five blades. No ore being taken out at present. Layers o
3-C.
84 C. p. FRAZER, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874-75.
mica slate occur between the ore deposits. Dip about north 45^
west ; inclination 45^ to vertical.
48. Thomas L^on Compaiv/s Bank^ No. 3. {iv, 53.)
This bank is partially washed in and contains water. It is at
present abandoned. Besides this there are some small shallow
pits along a line south 30° west extending some 100 feet. The
outcrops of altered mica slates, a quarter of a mile south by west
of these exploitation pits, show a dip of north 25*^ west ; 75°,
An analysis of a " poor specimen " from Schmiech's farm ad-
joining the Thomas Iron Company's farm obtained from Mr.
E. Mickley, was as follows :
Per cent.
Metallic iron, 14.000
Sulphur, . - - - - 0.450
rho8i)horu8, 2.149
Silica, 42.000
Alumina, 18.000
Sum, - 76.599
Oxygen, organic matter, water and loss, 23.401
Total, 100.000
49. JE. G. Smyser's Hank.
Opened by him five years ago. There is still ore remaining
in situ in the bank, which latter, however, is not now being
T^TOught. The bank which covers an area of over half an acre,
and is about fifteen feet deep, is very much washed in.
50. Hanover Branch Railroad Open Cut,
Ore found when the railroad was first opened. Considerable
quantity has been taken out. Xot in operation.
51. Eiaanucl Flickinger's Pits. {ix,48.)
Situated along the road just west of Jefferson. The ore
was discovered two years ago, and the openings made in the
winter of *73-'74. It was leased to the Messrs. Grove, of Dan-
ville, for ten years. Xo serious mining has yet been begun.
The ore, as tested in a furnace, has been pronounced good, and
the prospects fair for its existence in large quantities.
DESCRIPTION OP ORE BANKS. C. 35
52. Jesse Schumann's Pits. (/-Y, p.)
These have been sunk to deptlis of from 3 to 18 feet, and ore
has been found. The mining right has been leased to Mr.
Grove, of Danville, but nothing has been accomplished yet
towards taking the ore out. Limestone occurs here at a depth
of 17 feet, and a large quantity of blue clay, the res all* of the
weathering of the crystalline schists, has been taken out.
53. Mathew Myers' Ore. {iv,68,)
Area of pit, about one-third of an acre. It was opened
about three years ago and wrought by Dr. Nes, but has been
abandoned, and the excavations have since caved in. Eight
hundred feet north of this bank an outcrop of sandy slates
shows a strike of about north 60° east and vertical dip.
54. Nes' urn Ore.
The hill lies a little south of east of Porter's Siding, Han-
over Branch railroad. A number of small pits have been sunk.
The material which has been taken out as ore resembles the slates
of various localities previously mentioned. Small grains of
magnetite, and occasionally some pyrites, are dissemminated
through a mass of crystalline schists, more or less compact,
sometimes chloritic and sometimes assuming a gneissoid ap-
pearance.
54a. Forrey's Bank, ixvi, so and gl)
This bank lies a little less than quarter of a mile north-east
of Smith's station, and at an elevation of about 114 feet above
it. It lies about half a mile a little south of west of Nes' hill,
and a short distance north of the Hanover Junction railroad.
Tlie bank is over two hundred feet long north-east by south-
west, and from 25 to 30 feet broad, and at present about 15 feet
deep. It has been partly washed shut since the termination of
mining operations, and the sides are in great measure covered
with debris. At its south-west extremity is a shaft filled with
water, and just beyond its north-east extremity another shaft,
in both of which the ore appears to have been found, thus prov-
ing it continuous both laterally and under the surface on this
property. About 700 to 800 tons were taken out of this bank
in 1869, by Ruth & Phillips. The shaft or well in the south-
I
36 C. p. FRAZER, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874-75.
west end of the shaft is reported, on Mr. Spangler's authority,
to have been 70 feet deep, consisting of 10 feet of stripping and
60 feet through solid ore. The .bottom of the shaft is said to
[ be still in ore.
This bank was leased to Sprenkle, but the lease has now ex-
pired.
546. StainhaclCs Bank. {X vi, 60 and gl)
Situated on the same range, but 1,200 feet further south-west,
and divided from the railroad by a narrow wall of earth, is a
bank now fallen shut, about 200 feet long and 20 feet deep, nar-
rowing from 50 feet broad at its lower extremity to a point at
its upper limit.
Considerable quantity of earth has been excavated here and
probably a great deal of ore taken out ; its convenience to the
railroad rendering it a profitable bank to work. It was opened
by Ruth & Phillips in 1869, and worked during one summer,
during which 700 to 800 tons were taken out and sent away.
The pump and washer were worked by horse power, and the
ore was taken out in carts. The washer was an ordinary single
•cutter. The supply of water was deficient, for which reason
the washer was only used for half a day. The ore was sold for
:$3 00 to $3 50, on the cara. While the ore was cold short, it
is represented not to have been as much so as some other banks
on this range, but which banks are not specified.
54c. Trone's Shafts, {xvi.eo.)
These pits, which appear to have been sunk principally for
purposes of exploitation, lie in a field about 1,000 feet north-
west of Smith's station. They arc at present nearly filled up,
but the material which has been thrown out, and part of which
remains, gives abundant evidence that ore was found. This
deposit lies in the general course of the range indicated by the
banks now under consideration.
bid. RiidesilVs Bank, {xvi, es, 66.)
This bank is situated three-quarters of a mile north-east and
about ten feet lower than Smith's station, Hanover Junction
railroad. The opening is about 300 feet west of the road
in a field, and is 300 feet long, (east 12° north and west 12
o
DESCRIPTION OF ORE BANKS. C. 37
south,) 100 feet wide and at present about 20 feet deep. The
entrance for carts is on its eastern side. Tlie sides are much
washed in, and the bank is partly filled with water, with some
ore lyi^g on the bottom uncovered and also in the vicinity of
the opening. The ore does not differ in appearance from that
of the other banks along this range, being a limonite mixed
with clay.
There are no works now standing in the neighborhood of
the bank, and the lease on it has expired.
54e. Mickley^s Bank, ixvi, 67, 68.)
This large bank lies less than one-third of a mile a little
south of east of the preceding. It is an open cut in the side
of a hill, and at present perhaps 40 feet deep from the level of
the ground on the north side and 80 feet deep on the south
side, though partly filled with water. It averages about 200
feet in length and 150 feet in width, and covers about three-
quarters of an acre. The engine house and pump pipes are still
standing, and the machinery seems to be in good condition.
Near the south-west end of the bank is a shaft and a consider-
able pile of oife is still left in the vicinity. The ore is a limo-
nite mixed with clay.
54/1 Eckert ^ Kauff man's Bank. (A' TV, ss and 55.)
This very large bank is situated about three-quarters of a
mile north-west of Smith's station and one-half mile south-east
of YorkRoad station, Hanover Junction railroad. The bank
is, however, provided with a siding for itself, and when in op-
eration, the cars are run directly from the washer on to the
Hanover Junction railroad.
This bank was opened in the spring of 18G9, by Brooks, Ruth
& Phillips, who leased it from Bollinger, but is now Eckert
& Kauffman's mine.
There have been taken out from 28,000 to 29,000 tons of ore,
to Carrj' which twenty or thirty cars were employed. The en-
gine of 30-horse power, worked a steam pump No. 10. There
has always been water enough at the mine until last fall, when
it got slack, and work was suspended. About 25 tons per ddy
were got out. The wages paid were seven and one-half cents
38 C. P'. FRAZER, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874-75.
per car. At first, the wages were $1 25 per day, but in the
summer of 1874, they had been reduced to 90 cents.
This ore was taken to Eckert's furnace. Brooks', Leesport
Iron Company and William M. Kauffman ; some was also sold.
The ore is not rich but works easily in the furnace, (about 45.5
per cent, metallic iron.) It is cold short but devoid of sulphur
and not sandy. The excavation is 40 feet in the deepest place.
The freight to Reading via C!olumbia is $2 46 per ton, and more
via Harrisburg.
There is still an abundance of ore in sight, lying in yellow
and brown clay, with many clay partings. Thickness of strip-
ping from to 12 feet. The price of this ore was $3, delivered
on the cars. The washer was un ordinary single bladed ma-
chine. Besides this bank, this company owned Josiali Moul's,
Bollinger's and Miller's.
At the west end and in the south face of Eckert & Eauff-
man's bank, rock ore is exposed of a general thickness of about
80 feet, but separated by clay partings into plates of a few feet
in thickness, which have the general appearance of veins^ as
all these deposits are termed by the miners. The average dip
of a group of these superposed plates is south 32*^ east, 50°, but
this will not represent the average dip of the formation whose
strike in this vicinity is well exhibited, both by the general di-
rection of the chain of banks and shafts, and even by the longer
axis of each of the single excavations.
The general direction is more nearly east 10° to 15° north.
These slight rolls, at least in this special region, probably cor-
respond to flexures of the original beds before they were con-
verted by weathering into the clay beds in which the segre-
gation took place and prove that the disintegration of the calca-
reous, chloritic and hydromica slates which were subject to
these destroying influences, proceeded very slowly and with
little disturbance, the primitive surfaces of the folds being con-
verted into clay so quietly as not to destroy the interspaces
by agglutination. And either, that the solutions of iron found
their natural course between the strata as would have been
the case had no such alteration taken place; or, (which
seems more probable, in these cases, and is the explanation
offered by Prof. Shepard & Dr. Hunt,) that the production of
DESCRIPTION OP ORE BANKS. C. 39
these ores was a cliange in situ of the pyrites and other iron
compounds deposited eoinoidently with the formation of the
the schists in which they lie.
HartmarCs Openivg, {xvi, 55,)
At the eastern extremity of Eckert & Kauft man's, and di-
vided from it by a fence, is an opening of Ilartman, about 75
feet long, and from 10 to 25 feet wide. It is to a great extent
tiled up and shows no ore, but evidently was a bank of the
game general character as its larger neighbor, and should be
considered as an appendage to the latter.
• 54y. Stover's Opening. (A'TT, 55.)
«
This excavation lies close to the railroad and about 600 feet
iwrth-west of a trial shaft at the western extremity of Eckert
& Kauftman's bank. The bank was oi)ened and leased to the
Thomas Iron Company, but not much developed, owing to dif-
ferences between lessor and les.see respecting the amount of
royalty which should be paid. Its position, and the fact that
the ore was proved satisfactorily, (as attested by Mr. Baumann,)
together prove the average thickness of this deposit to be at
least 383 feet, and probably in other places much more.
An ore from Stover's Mine, near Smith's Station, Hanover
Branch railroad (not on the general map) furnished by Mr.
Mickley, shows :
Metallic iron.
....
Percent.
31.500
Sulphur, -
-
none
Phosphorus,
.
0.591
Silica,
-
20.000
Alumina, -
. a . .
. • « •
29.000
Sum, -
81.091
Oxygen, organic
; matter, water and loss,
18.909
Total, - - - - - 100.000
• 54A SpreiikeW Bank.
Situated 800 feet south-west of Stover's, on the farm of
Henry L. Baumann, at the York Road Station, Hanover Junc-
tion railroad. The opening covers perhaps half an acre.
40 C. p. FRAZER, JR., REPORT OP PROGRESS, 1874-'75.
Mr. Sprenkel opened in the spring of 1874 and took out 700 or
800 tons, none of which was hauled away from the bank. The
financial depression and its efiect on the iron market caused
him to 8usi>end operations since that time. A number of trial
shafts sunk in a line about east 10° north, proved ore. On
this same range are the Thomas Iron Company's lease, which
is the next operation described, bearing west 10° south, and
distant about 150 yards. Further on this range, or about 500
yards west 11° south, ore shafts were sunk on the Widow
Forrey's place, all of which proved well. The machinery, eiif
gine house, washer, &c., of Sprenkel's opening are still stand^
ing and in good condition.
54«. Krabcr ^ Kes's Bank. (A' ft; p,)
Situated on Mr. Ilenry L. Baumann's farm, and lies 500 feit
Bouth-west of Sprenkel's. The opening is about two-thirds rf
an acre in extent.
It was leased by Xess & Kraber in 18(58-09, who took out
perhaps 1,000 tons of ore, but the amount was not accurately
ascertQ^ined. It was aftenvards leased to the Thomas Iron.
Company in the following year. It was provided with a steam
pump, and the ore was hauled out by six or seven carts. The
Thomas Iron Company ceased woi^king it in the following
spring. During their occupancy (1870) they took out a great
deal of ore — from 10 to 30 tons per day. The terms of the
lease with Kraber & Nes required the lessees to pay $1 00 per
ton royalty for the ore. The sub-lessees tried to compromise
this royalty with Mr. Baumann for 50 cents per ton, and fail-
ing to come to an agreement withdrew their machinery.
The latter is closed from the action of the rains on its banks
but still shows ore in place.
55. John BaumanrCs Pit, {ix, 89,)
Lies about a mile south-east of Hanover. It was originally
opened about one hundred years ago, and reopened fifteen year&
ago by Vaningham & Case, It was afterwards leased to the
Wrightsville Iron Company, but this lease also has expired*
About 1,000 tons have been taken out by the last lessees.
Washed shut.
%
DESCRIPTION OP ORB BANKS.
0. 41
56. Flickinqer*s Bank.
Situated 800 feet west of Baumann's, Was opened a few yeara
ago, and leased to Mr, Small. At present is not leased.
Four or five hundred tons of ore have been taken out.
57. Louis Delone's Bank, (ix, go.)
Situated about one mile south by east of the centre of Han-
over, and a quarter of a mile west of the Baltimore turnpike*
It was opened in 1867bySres& Kraber, lessees for forty years.
It was actively wrought about six months. 2,000 tons of ore
have been taken out.
An analysis of this ore, kindly furnished by Mr. Mickley, of
the Thomas iron company, shows :
Metallic iron, ....
Per cent.
33.500
Sulphur,
none
Phosphorus, ' . . . ,
1.470
Silica,
23.000
Alumina, .....
27.300
(Oxygen, organic matter and water?)
loss, 14.730
Total,
100.000
The ore lies in largo and small lumps in the clay formed from,
the decomposed slates.
There is little stripping necessary to reach the ore, of which
a large body is visible in the north-east heading.
Two further analyses of the ore from this bank, made from-
specimens selected by Mr. Benade, have been furnished me by
that gentleman :
Bootb & Garrett.
Dr. P. A. Genth.
Per cent.
Per cent.
Silicious matter.
11.500*
Silica, . .
[8.200]
7.550
Ferric oxide, .
70.090
05.610
Alumina,
0.960
2.05O
Manganese sesquioxidc.
1.750
7.290
Phosphoric acid.
2.546
3.050
Sulphur,
0.033
Water, ....
13.150
13.880
* Silicious matter contains 8.20 per c«nt. of silica, vfitti a little alumina,
ferrous oxide, lime and magnesia.
42 0. P. FRAZER, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874-'75.
Magnesia,
Cobaltic oxide.
Booth & Oarrett.
Per cent.
Dr. F.A.aentIt
Fer cent.
0.850
0.220
Sum,
Metallic iron.
Metallic manganese.
Phosphorus,
. 100.029
49.060
1.210
1.110
100.000
45.930
5.070
1.330
^
58. A. M. Fomej/s Bank.
Situated 400 yards west of Delone's ; was opened about ten
years ago and leased to Green, Van Hernan & Co, 3,000 to
4,000 tons had been taken out when the lease was sold to the
Wrightsville Iron Company, which worked the bank for five
or six years, and took out 500 or 600 tons of ore.
Since then it has been given up. The excavation (partially
washed shut, but with a considerable ambunt of ore showing
in the eastern end) is about 200 feet long and 20 feet deep.
In this bank, as in that just mentioned, lumj)8 of ore lie in ^|
<5lay.
59. Samuel Schwartz's Opening. •
Situated about two miles south-west of Hanover and just
south of the Littlestown i-oad, in Coiiewago township, Adams
<jounty. It was opened in March, 1874, by Eckert & Bros., of
Reading, lessees, and leased by them for fifteen years. After
:a thousand tons or more had been extracted the ore ran out
and the bank was abandoned. The ore was used at the Henry
Clay furnace. The machinery, which is costlj'' and perfect, is
yet standing.
The ore lies in crystalline slates, which dip about south
45°. The ore occurs with comparative regularity in the lines *
of lamination, and also in irregular shaped masses running into
the normal mica slates which carry it. Some ore is still seen
in the south heading.
60. Solomon Schwartz's bank, (ix, 95; vii, 27,)
Situated in the middle of the road, about three-fourths of a
mile south-west of Samuel Schwartz's, (Eckert & Co.'s).
KoTE. — Mr. Benade states that the samples from which the two last analy-
ses were made were the same.
DESCRIPTION OP ORE BANKS. C. 43
It is a large irregular excavation, whose area covers perhaps
an acre, and is at present from 30 to 40 feet deep. It was
opened about nineteen years ago, and was leased two years ago
to J. C. Duttenhoefer, who took out about 2,000 tons.
There is, at present, no lease on the property. The ore is
said, by Mr. Schwartz, to exist in large quantities at the bot-
tom of the bank. The clay constituting the walls is full of
wash ore.
61. David Boyer's Bank. ( JX, 98; vii, se.)
Situated on the line of the Hanover and Littlestown railroad,
about three miles north-east of Littlestown.
The property was leased 18 years ago by Bryan and Longe-
naeker of Lancaster, who worked the bank for about two
years, and afterwards sold it to Mr. M'Cormick, of Ilarrisburg,
who afterwards leased it to other parties. It has lain idle for
about a year, though the machinery has not been removed.
The bank covers an area of about three-fourths of an acre,
is 15 feet deep, and partly filled with water. Banks are in soil
and clay, showing some wash and lump ore — all limonite.
62. Lefevcrs Pits. (X, 5.^
Situated about one and a half miles south-cast of Boyers,
and on the road from Hanover to Littlestown.
One shaft, at present about 20 feet deep, has been abandoned
for some years, and is now partially filled up and caved in.
Some smaller openings are also filled up. A sandy yellow ochre
is found here, which is known as " mineral paint."
63. Krumreini's Pits, {X,4: Tii,27.)
Situated on the south slope of a hill three-fourths of a mile
south-west of Lefever's, and a little more south-east of Killin-
ger's.
It was opened 4 years ago by Keeport and Yount, of Littles-
town, and about 40 tons were sent away to the furnace. The
ore is said, by Mr. Tount, to have produced 35 i)er cent, of me-
tallic iron ; but in the present condition of the openings, noth-
ing is visible in the pile around the pit but a slate, somewhat
resembling that of the Codorus ore, and more or less impreg-
nated with iron oxide.
44 C. p. FRAZER, JR., REPORT OP PROGRESS, 1874-75.
64. Eiirhj J- KllUngcrs Mine, (-Y, 7; vii, 5J.)
Situated about two and a half miles east by north of Littles-
town, and just south of the Hanover and Littlestown road.
Tlie above firm purchased about two years ago (Aug., 1874)
from Levi Mouse, and their preseiit workings have been m
operation, oft' and on, ever since. The ore is a limonite, more
or less pure. ^
An average sample, selected from various parts of tlie work-
ings, and analyzed by Mr. M'Creath, in the laboratory of the
Survey, at llarrisburg, showed :
Per cent.
Insoluble residue, .... 12.320
Sesquioxide of iron, (FejOg) . . 67.000
Alumina, 0.95O
Manganese sesquioxide, . . . 2.341
I^hosphoric acid, .... 2.804
Sulphuric acid, 0.27T
Lime, 1.6
Magnesia, 0.591
Water, 11.890
Sum, ....
J^OSS, • • • •
Total, . .
There were therefore present:
Metallic iron.
Metallic manganese, .
Sulphur, . . . . '
Phosphorus,
The insoluble silicious residue gave on
Silica, ....
Oxide of iron, .
Alumina, ....
Lime, . • • •
Magnesia, ....
Silicious residue.
Determined,
Undetermined,
99.853
0.147
100.000
46.900
0.815
0.110
1.224
analysis :
11.170
0.010
0.610
0.070
0.120
11.980
12.820
11.980
0.340
I
DESCRIPTION OF ORE BANKS. C. 45
About twenty to thirty tons are taken out per diem, and
there are employed, eight miners, one engineer, two cart boys
;and two men to rake out from the washer. The wages paid
^re $1 00 per day of 10 hours work. There is one 30 horse
power engine, supplied by a 35 horse power boiler, which works
a Smedley pump, supplying the washer directly from a reser-
voir, which is fed by a neighboring stream. The fuel used is
Ijituminous coal, at $6 80, delivered at the mine. The con-
sumption is about one-third ton jier day.
Almost all of the ore is put through a double cutter, hun-
<lred bladed, Millholland washer, which is 26 feet long.
About one-third of the ore is lump. It is hauled to the
washer by four carts and afterwards to Lefever station, Hanover,
Littlestown and Frederick railroad, distant half mile, at a cost
^of 14 cents p^r ton, (the teams being owned by the company,)
and shipped to the Keystone Furnace Company of Eeading,
which uses it. Two thousand tons have been sold to "Watts
of Marietta. It is taken out both by cart and inclined railroad.
The product thus far has been foundry iron.
The ore lies in beds in a very much disintegrated clay slate,
partly indurated and exhibiting three planes of cleavage. One
•of these planes is that in which the ore itself dips south 15°
west, 14°. An outcrop of ore and limestone occurs in a cut
•200 feet west of the farm.
This limestone is said also to be galeniferous (or lead bear-
ing.) The dip is about south 36° east, 25°, but the exposures
are poor and this determination not certain. The strike ap-
^pears to be about north 54° east.
65. Enoch Lefever' s Bank, {X, s,)
Situated about two miles a little north of east of Littlestown.
It is an opening 1,200 feet long in a north-east and south-
ivest dixection, and covers an area of about two and a half acres.
The bank was first opened by George Bryan, about 19 years
ago, who was at that time lessee. Afterwards it was leased to
the Ashland Iron Company and wrought by them five or six
years. Afterwards leased to Green Van Heiman & Company,
•and the Wrightsville Iron Company. It is at present under
lease to Brooks & Company of Birdsboro', but has lain idle for
46 C. P. FRAZEK, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874-75.
three years. The machinery (engine, washer, &e.,) are still on
the property. Some himp ore is exposed in the banks, but the
ore is principallj'^ wash ore from the surface down. It is a cold
short limonite, which is said to yield 50 per cent of iron (?)
66. Widow Clark's Bank. {X, lo ; vii, i^.) ,
This property lies about one and a half miles east of Littles-
town, on the "Commons" or unfenced fields. A number of
openings have been made, but the works are not now in pro-
gress. The stripping is here, as everywhere on this line of
ore, a j-ellow and white clay. There are two largo banks about
1,000 feet apart. The northernmost bank was opened about
six years ago, and the quality of ore taken out was said to be
inferior to that from No. 2. This bank is shaped like the let-
ter S and covers an area of over one-third of an acre. Bank
No. 2 has an area of about 250 square feet, is partially filled
with water and is approached by an inclined tunnel from the
southward.
The banks have been leased by Boyer & Schwartz, but are
not in operation at present, though the machinery is still on
the ground.
The ore is a limonite of the shell-like character which is
common to most of the ores in this range. About 1,200 feet
north of No. 1 is the limestone quarry of Sol. Mehring, ex-
hibiting a dip of south 35° east, 50°.
67. Gofin Bank. ( ft, 7o.)
This bank lies about two miles west of Wrightsville. It
was opened 20 years ago by Mr. Henry Wilton, of Wrights-
ville, who had a lease for ten years. Mr. Wilton worked it for
three years, when Messrs. Denny & Hess bought the lease and
worked it for two years. At present it is not wrought nor
under lease. Its owners are Jacob Gohn, John Gohn and Dan-
iel Lehman.
The excavation is a little more than 400 feet long into the
side of a hill, covers an area of about an acre, and is 25 feet
deep at the western end.
The ore is a limonite like that of the rest of this range, and
it was hauled to the tidewater canal for shipment.
>
DESCRIPTION OF ORE BANKS. C. 47
Along with the fsandy slates carrying this ore was a large
vein wf quartz.
68. Benjamin Strickler^s Bank. (Vi,68: VjSs.)
Situated about two and a half miles a little south of west of
Wrightsville.
This bank was opened twenty years ago by Mr. Bahn. It
was then leased to Mr. Musselman, of Marietta, who worked it
for several years. Mr. Haldeman then took the lease and
worked the bank up to 1864, since which time nothing has been
done except by the Wrightsville Iron Company, which sank a
shaft at the mine about five years ago. Since this time the
bank has been abandoned. It is now fallen shut and overgrown
with treea and underbrush, and contains a considerable quan-
tity of water. It covers an area of perhaps something over
one-half an acre, and is thirty feet deep from the bank to the
water's edga
69. The Stoner Bank. ( vi, ce: r, ss.)
Situated about three and a half miles a little south of west
of Wl-ightsville.
An analysis of the ore obtained from Messrs. W^alts, was as
follows :
I»r»r cent.
Silica, 42.500
Peroxide of iron, 55.700
Alumina, 1.150
Lime and magnesia, .... 1.000
Sum, 100.350
Excess, 0.350
This corresponds to 38.99 per cent, of metallic iron.
Operations on this bank were commenced w^ith an open cut
in 1850. The amount of ore produced from 1850 to 1873, by
Musselman & Watts, was 40,750 tons.
Shafts were sunk in the latter part of this period, which fur-
nished a part of this amount. The bank has an area of about
threo-fourtliR of an acre, is 25 feet deep in its deepest place and
I>artinl!y iillcl w'.tli water.
48 C. p. FRAZER, JR., REPORT OP PROGRESS, 1874-'75.
70. D. Rudy*s Bavks. ( vi^ 64, es; r, 52,)
Situated half a mile west of Stoner's, and about one-fourth ot
a mile north of the York turnpike.
Covers an area of about one and one-fourth acres, and is
-about 35 feet deep. The sides are washed in. The bank has
been abandoned, and no information was obtained in regard to
it. This bank was opened in 1862, by Musselman & Wattj,
and worked as an open cut. They took out 9,872 tons of ore
up to 1870.
An analysis of the ore for its metallic iron furnished by
Messrs. Watt^, gave : Metallic iron, 41.160.
71. Bvbi/s Ore Bank. {Vi,€3; v,5s.)
Situated about four and a half miles south of west of Wrights-
ville, close by the Glatz Ferry road.
It was opened 12 years ago and worked four years by James
Meyers, of Columbia, as lessee. The bank is an open cut, 400
feet long, in an east by north direction, and varying in width,
and covers an area of a little less than half an acre. The ore
•was used by Mr. James Myers, of Columbia. The bank has
been idle for a number of years, and is much caved in. No ore
is in sight in the trench, but a very large number of fragments
of a hard quartzite.
Mr. Ruby himself reports the existence of magnetic ore in
his large i)each orchard.
72. Keller's Ore Pit. ( ft, 6$,)
Situated about one-half mile west by south of Ruby's is a pit
of less than one-fourth of an acre in area, and about 10 feet to the
water, which has been abandoned and is nearly filled up. The
ore here was said to be exhausted.
No information was obtained regarding it, and its only value
in this place is to illustrate the regularity of the line of banks
from the river shore south-westward.
73. Heistand's Ore Bank. iVi,69; v,5g.)
•
This very large bank lies directly on the Glatz Feriy road,
about midway between York and Wrightsville.
It is of irregular shape, about 600 feet long, and covers an
Area of over two acres, and is from 18 to 20 feet deep. It is
)
DESCRIPTION OP ORB BANFS. C. 49
partially caved in and filled with water. The walls of the ex-
cavation are composed of clay and gravel. It was opened about
ten years ago, and was worked by Musselman & Haldeman on
two separate leases, but has been idle for three years past.
74. BUssinger^s Ore Bank. iVi,66; VjSi.)
Situated about one mile south of west of Heistand's is an
open trench, in the direction of strike of this range, and 750
feet long, covering altogether an area of about three-fourths ot
an acre.
It is abandoned and said to have been exhausted. Is much
covered up. No rock in place, but fragments of sandstone and
sandy slate constituting the debris.
Between the two last mentioned banks and close to the road
a shaft has been sunk by Mr. Schall.
75. Norse^s Ore Barik, {vi, ss; f, 6L)
Situated about one-half mile south-west of Blessinger's.
It is about 800 feet long, 25 feet deep, and covers an area of
about two-thirdfl of an acre. The bank was opened by the
Kew York mining company, and was wrought till about three
years ago, since which time it has been abandoned.
76. JfUller^s Bank. (FJ, 55; F, 5i.)
Situated in the woods, about one-third of a mile west by south
of Norse's, It is an irregular opening, occupying over one-third
of an acre, and having aii average depth of 15 feet. About
800 tons of ore have been extracted. No outcrop of rocks in
place is visible, but the ground is strewn with sandstone and
slate.
77. Samuel Deitz^s BarJc^ and
78. Jaccb Deitz^s Bank.
These two banks are about a quarter of a mile apart on the
flame range. The former lies about half a mile south-west of
Miller's. They were leased and opened by Mr. Stephen F.
Eagle, of Marietta, about ten years ago. They have not been
worked for six years. About 2,000 tons have been taken out
by carts. This ore was shipped via Meyers' station, distant one
4-a
50 0. P. FRAZER, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874-'75.
mile, to Marietta, where it was used by Mr. Eagle in his own
furnaces.
There are about eight feet of stripping overlying the ore. TJhe
latter lay in regular pockets and nests in white and yellow
clay.
These banks are each about half an acre in area and about
20 feet deep. The ore was washed at the bank, but the supply
of water was deficient.
78. Fritz's Ore Bank. ( rj, 55; r, 51.)
Situated about three and a half miles north-east of York, on
the property of Susannah Fritz, leased to Benson & Cottrell.
It was first opened nine years ago by Meyers & Benson,
whose lease expired after five years. Benson & Cottrell have
had the lease for four years, and have worked the bank until last
June. They employed one 20-horse i)ower engine and 18 men.
The fuel was hard coal. The ore was principally wash ore, and
was got out by means of an inclined plane, and carted to
Meyers' station, York; and Wrightsville railroad, and thence
shipped to Marietta. The bank is partially filled with water.
The ore is distributed in pockets and nests through blue clay,
which formed much of the sides of the pit beneath the strip-
ping. A large quantity of ore was visible in the north heading
of the bank, reaching to very near the surface.
The bank is about 40 feet deep.
A large number of specimens were selected as samples. An
analysis was made by by Mr. M'Creath, at the laboratory of the
Survey in Ilarrisburg. The following is the result :
Per cent.
Insoluble residue, .
. 19.750
Sesquioxide of iron,
. 63.285
Alumina,
. 0.765
Manganese sesquioxide,
. 2.210
Phosphoric acid, . . . ,
. 2.986
Sulphuric acid, . . . ,
. 0.068
Lime,
. 0.196
Magnesia,
. 0.216
"Water,
. 10.880
Sam, ......
. 100.356
Excess over 100 per cent. .
. 0.356
^
DESCRIPTION OF ORE BANKS. C. 51
This corresponds to —
Pet cent.
Metallic iron, 44.300
Metallic manganese, . • • . 1.540
Sulphur, . ..*... 0.024
Phosphorus, 1.803
Tho insoluble residue gjave :
Silica, 15.250
Oxide of iron, 0.170
Alumina, 3.230
Lime, 0.040
Magnesia, 0.630
Sum, 19.320
Insoluble residue, 19.750
Loss, 0.430
80. Heidelbach's Bank. (VI, 4s ; V, si.)
This small bank lies about two and one-fourth miles north-
east of York.
It was originally opened by Myers, who leased it for one
year. It was then taken by Mr. Philip Small, who worked it
until the ore was exhausted, about six years ago. About 600
tons were taken out by carts, from three to seven hands being
employed. The area of the bank is a little less than half an
acre, and the depth at present about ten feet. At this bank a
compact quartzite crosses the road, dipping north-west, 60°.
The debris show nothing but sandy slates.
81. The Ebert Banks. (FJ, ^; r, so.)
Situated about one and three-quarter miles north of York.
The most northerly is sometimes called the Corr bank. They
were bought by Benson & Cottrell eight years ago, and have
been in operation ever since until October, 1873.
The ore is principally wash ore. About ten tons were ex-
tracted per diem, by means of an inclined railroad.
Eight men were employed at an average of $1 25 per day.
The engine was of 14 horse power and consumed 600 lbs. to
700 lbs. of hard coal per day.
52 C. P. FRAZER, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874-75.
The ore was shipped to Myers' station, on the York and
Wrightsville railroad. They are not at present in operation,
and are partially filled with water. The Corr bank covers an
area of about three-fourths of an acre, and the Ebert of up-
wards of one and a half acres. The latter is about 30 feet deep.
In the Corr bank there is an interesting exhibition of a hard
compact quartzite, dipping north 15° west 30°, and cutting out
the ore along the line of a fault (?) The slates are much con-
torted and show a cleavage dip of south-east 70°.
82. Daniel LovlcWs Banks, (FJ, ^; F, so.)
These are two banks on the property of Daniel Louck, about
one and one-fourth miles north-east of York, leased by Benson
& Cottrell.
The banks are about 100 feet apart, with a smaller pit be-
tween them. They were opened about seven years ago. They
employ four hands and an eight horse power engine. The ore
is principally wash ore, with some lump. Carted to Meyer's
station, York and Wrightsville railroad. Only about three- jj
fourths as much water as was needed was obtained from a well
40 feet deep. The ore is brought out of the banks by means
of carts. The washer was a Carter washer. The north bank
oovers an area of over one-third of an acre, and is 20 feet deep.
'The most southerly of over half an acre, and is 25 feet deep,
-with the south-east bank almost vertical.
The rocks in which this bank is cut are crystalline schists,
unuch intersected with veins of quartz.
83. Jacob Eisenharfs Ore outcrop, iiii, ss,)
In the vicinity of Eisenhart's farm, on the Gettysburg turn-
pike, and about two miles from York, is to be found an exten- /
sive occurrence of wash ore, consisting in great part of anhydrous
oxide of iron. This ore lies in many places on the properties
of Mr. Eisenhart and in the fields back of Mr. Winter's black-
smith shop. Mr. Eisenhart has sunk a few exploitation pits, but
nothing is showing which will prove the existence of a large de-
posit. Not far from this property and near the fork of the
Carlisle road, and that to Emig's mill, on the property of J.
Buhn, is found an old pit dug long ago, and now filled up.
^
DESCRIPTION OF ORE BANKS. 0. 58
which was said to have ehown magnetic ore. Prom the waste
arotmd the mouth of this pit, a large specimen of magnetic
limonite was found. The relation of these ores to the trap
dykes is worthy of investigation, more especially since the di-
rection of the Beeler trap is towards bank No. 84, which also
exhibits exceptional magnetic properties.
84. Old Kauffman Bank, {it so,)
A little less than three miles south-west by west of York, is
a bank formerly worked by Mr. Kauflinan, who took out some
500 tons of ore. This ore is magnetic, so much so indeed, that
the dip needle showed its greatest declination here. The record
of the number of degrees of the south dip as before explained
is valueless, because the instrument was not in adjustment, but
that the relative amount of the dip was greater here than else-
where, is established vdth a great degree of probability.
The ore from this mine lay in scales along with mottled red
and blue limestones, and was for the most part anhydrous." A
mass of ore in places showed a dip of south 10° east 25°. The
slates associated with this ore seemed to dip south 10° east 70°.
85. M. Eyester^s Bank^ {Smyser^s ^ Brillinger^s.) ( JF, ss; ii, n.)
This is a trench of about 350 feet in length and 20 feet ave-
rage depth ; evidently not used for a long time. The bank
has almost entirely been washed shut and is overgrown. The
fine grained mica slates carrying the ore dip south 20° east,
64°. The ore occurs in detached nests and lumps of brown
and red hematite. No magnetite is visible with the glass.
The slates have almost entirely weathered into white clay, in
most places exhibiting streaks of ferruginous clay. The felates,
which still retain their lamination, are very rotten.
This bank is not in operation now and bears the appearance
of having been abandoned for a number of years.
The northern end of the trench is cut through compact and
fine-grained mica slates, while the southerly end is in decom-
posed slates aud ferruginous clay carrying the limonite.
There are at least 100 feet, and probably more, of. these soft
beds over the harder slates, and it is in them that the ore is
found.
54 C. p. FRAZER, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874-75.
86. Samuel Mnig's Bank. ( jf, «&.)
Situated three miles west by south of New Salem. This
was opened about two years ago, and is leased to Mr. Watson.
About 600 feet west is an outcrop of limestone, with a strike
of about north 32° east (?
87. W. S. Johnsons Pit. ( xr, ss.)
Situated about three-quarters of a mile west of S. Emig's,
and close to the settlement of Nashville. It was sunk about
one year ago and ore was found. ^
88. Andrew Mengis^ Bank. (JTF, so.)
This and a smaller excavation lie about one mile south oi
the last mentioned.
Tliey were opened and leased by Watts & Sons, but have not
been in operation for a year. The bank covers an area of about
one and a quarter acres, and is of irregular shape.
The Survey is indebted to Mr. Watts for the following ad-
ditional statistics in regard to the " Mengis' Ore Bank:"
It was opened in 1872, by Bahn & Stoner, and afterwards
purchased by Henry M. Watts & Sons.
The total amount of ore thus far produced is 8,772 tons.
An analysis of the ore gave —
I'er cent.
Metallic iron, 39.640
Insoluble silicious residue, . . • 37.800
Sulphur, . . • . trace
Phosphorus, . ... 0.080
Sum, 77.620
Undetermined, .... 22.380
Total, 100.000
89. Michael Meyer's Pits. ( JF, sa ii, is.)
Situated a little less than a mile west of Mengis's. The ex-
ploitation was made a year ago, and the property was leased by
Eckert & Brother. No serious mining operations have yet been
begun.
90. S. RotKs. {IV, SI.)
Situated about one mile due north from the last ' A pit has
\\
i
s
t
DESCRIPTION OP ORE BANKS. C. 55
been dug 15 feet deep one year ago, and ore was met. Nothing
has been done to mine it.
91. J. RoiKs Bank. (JF, S2; ii, is.)
This bank which covers perhaps half an acre, lies about three
quarters of a mile south by west of S. Roth's. The bank is
partly an open cut against a bank of clay, and at the northern
end filled with water. The banks are 20 feet high, and com-
posed of clay, with about seven feet of stripping. The slates
pass into stained clay on one side and ferruginous slate or im-
pure ore on the other. Under the foundations of Mr. Roth's
bam there is said to have been found a massive bed of limonite.
92. J. L. ^filler's Pit (7r, w.)
Situated about three-fourths of a mile south-west of J. Roth's.
The pit has been disused for four years, and the banks washed
shut by the action of the rain. About 1,000 feet south of this
opening is a sandstone outcrop, dipping south 45° east 40°.
93. Geo. BechteVs Ore Pit. ( Jr, S7.)
This is an irregular pit, covering perhaps half an acre, which
lies about one and three quarter miles south-west of Michael
Myers, and on the same road. It has been leased by Watts &
Musselman, and was opened six or seven years ago. It has not
been in operation since last fall.
The eight banks last referred to are disposed around one of
the southern spurs of the Pigeon hills, and mark its outline
with tolerable precision.
94. J". ^ D. Bollinger^s Bank.
Situated about four and a half miles north-east of Hanover,
and about one and a half from the Hanover Branch railroad.
This extensive bank is one of the most important in York
•county. It was leased by the Leesport iron compg^ny, and
opened one year ago, and has been worked constantly ever
since. Sixteen hands are employed, including a foreman. Eight
miners in the bank, divided into two gangs. Each gang re-
ceives seven and a half cents per car load of ore sent up, and
there are 120 car loads taken out of the bank per day. (This
amounts to §1 12 per hand per day.) The foreman receives
56 C. p. FRAZER, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874-'75.
$38 per month. The engineer and other outside hands $1 00
per day. The engine is of 55 horse power. There is enough
water. The ore is hauled to Kauffman's siding, Hanover
Branch railroad, two and a half miles from the bank.
About 90 per cent is wash ore, and is washed in a washer of
104 paddles.
The ore lies in irregular lumps and nests in a clay formed
from the disintegration of the mica slates. A large number of
specimens were taken to form an average sample, and the an-
alysis made by Mr. M'Creath, at the laboratory of the Survey
in Harrisburg, gave the following results
Insoluble residue, .
Sesquioxide of iron,
Alumina,
Manganese sesquioxide.
Phosphoric acid, .
Sulphuric acid,
Lime,
Magnesia,
Water, .
Sum, .
Loss,
Total,
Herein contained were :
Iron, . •
Manganese,
Sulphur,
Phosphorus, .
In this insoluble residue were
Insoluble residue, \
Silica,
Oxide of iron.
Alumina,
Lime,
Magnesia,
Undetermined,
Per c«nt.
16.950
64.428
3.148
2.150
1.874
0.230
0140
0.270
11.020
99.710
0.290
100.000
contained :
45.100
1.496
0.090
0.601
16.95a
14.870
0.210
1.590
0.020
0.240
16.430-
0.520>
)<
DESCRIPTION OP ORB BANKS. C. 5T
94a. Sprenkles^ Sliaft. {xvi, 77-79.)
This bank, which is now beiug opened, lies one and one-third
miles north 12° east of Bollinger's bank, and a little more than
one-third mile east 13° north of Forrey's outcrop.
This ore property was opened by Mr. Benade for the Lochiel
iron company, in the fall of 1874. The openings thus far con-
sist of a number of rectangular shafts, sunk north of the Han-
over and York Short Line railroad. One of these, about 400
feet from the railroad, is cribbed and sunk partly as an open
cut to a depth of about 80 feet. North-west of this shaft (at
which the engine house is in process of erection) is another shaft,
also about 30 feet deep, which for convenience will be called
the north-west shaft. Other smaller shafts have been sunk to
small depths below the surface, in all of which ore has been
proved. The ore in the shaft first mentioned is peculiar, both
from its own character and the way in which it is associated
with the rocks. In appearance it is a dull brick red ore, con-
taining masses of specular and some micaceous ore, much mixed
with sand and the slate gangue. The latter is a fine grained
chloritic hydro-mica slate, in which thin seams of limestone are
intercalated. Two veins are passed through by this shaft, the
overlying one foot thick, and the lower unmeasured, but said
to be thicker. A thin seam of slaty limestone overlies the
larger and underlies the smaller ore bed.
The property belongs to Emanuel Sprenkle.
The ore from the north-west shaft is of different character,
(to judge by the specimens thus far taken out,) and resembles
more nearly the limonites of the other banks of this range.
The prevailing dip is north-west, 50° ; and the ore in the north-
west shaft overlies that in shaft number one.
Further west, on the property of Benj. Hershey, Musselman
sank, in 1867, an exploitation shaft in the orchard, 30 feet deep,
and found a solid bed of ore. He offered $1 00 royalty for the
privilege of starting a bank here, but Mr. Hershey refused to
lease the property for that purpose.
About 500 feet north of shaft number one is a limestone
quarry, at the junction of the slate and limestone. The dip
of both at the south side of the quarry is north 35° west, 48°.
The latter underlying the former.
68 C, p. FRAZER, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874-75.
95. G. Forry Ore Outcrop. ( r, 5; JJ, $s.)
Situated five and a half miles north-east of Hanover, at the
base of the Pigeon Hills. Mr. Forry reports striking a large
mass of ore whilst ploughing in the' orchard. A limestone on
Forry's land dips south 55^ east, 22°.
96. Samuel Boyer's Bank. (F, lo.)
This bank was opened twenty years ago, and was leased two
years ago to Hess & Denny. It lies five and a quarter miles ,
north north-east of Hanover. The bank is of oval shape, cov- >l
ering about half, an acre, and has an ei^gine house and inclined
plane. JS'orth of this is a more irregular bank covering perhaps
one and a half acres. Each of these is about 15 feet deep.
The ore lies in irregular segregated masses in clays. There are
no unaltered slates in the bank.
The character of the ore is shelly, friable and ochreous, mixed
with much clay.
97. Tfie Ashland Iron Company's Banks. (F, H; r, w.)
Situated close alongside that of J. Moul's, and can be best
described with it. The larger one is full of water, which is 25
feet deep, and covers about one and a half acres. The bank
was first opened about 100 years ago, and furnished ore for
casting of cannon balls during the Revolution in a furnace in
Maryland. It was leased by Ex-Gov. Porter from Moul. It
has been worked pretty steadily in the last 20 years, and fur-
nished about 400 tons per month ; 60 per cent wash-ore.
98. J. Moul's Bank. (F, ib; it, si.)
Situated about five miles north-east of Hanover. It was
opened about 15 years ago by Johns k Moul, who worked it
«ix months, and leased to Ruth & Phillips, who, in turn, leased
half to Denny & Hess, and the other half to Kauffman, Eckert
A Brooks, (Leesport Iron Company,) for eight years. They
have worked it three or four years, and took out about 14
tons (180 to 185 car loads) per day. The ore is shipped to
Kauflman's siding, Hanover Branch railroad, three mijes dis-
tant, where it is wofth $2 50 per ton, delivered At present
no ore is being shipped. Inclined plane 200 feet ; 100 paddle
lump washer and sand washer; 85-horse power engine, consum-
M
IJESGBIPTIOK OF ORE BANKS. 0. 59
ing 1,100 pounds of coal. Sufficient water is procured. Nine-
teen men are employed, divided into three gangs. Some are
paid by the day at $1 00, and some by the car load, at seven
cents to seven and a half cents. Engineer, $33 per month ; fore-
man, $40. Eleven working hours. About 400 tons per month
are taken out. Two 35-horse power boilers and five cars are em-
ployed. The workmen who are paid by the load make about
$1 50 per day. The waste water is cleared from the mine by a
drain into a sump whence it is pumped out to the washer, and
what is not used for washing is discharged into the creek.
About 12 tons per day are washed.
The transportation to the shipping station costs 60 cents per
ton, and is performed by contract, the wagons not belonging to
the company. The washer is 24 feet long and 18 inches in di-
ameter. Nine men are constantly employed in mining.
The stripping is nine feet thick, after which comes a thick
layer of white clay and gravel, and below this the yellow clay
carrying the ore. It is uncertain how much deeper this clay
continues.
99. Solomon MouVs Bank, (t; is,)
Situated four and a half miles north north-east of Hanover,
covers an area of about two and a half acres, and is fifteen feet
deep.
The engine house stands at the north end of the bank ; be-
low the stripping the walls are cut in tenacious clay. The
bank was opened twenty years ago by Gov. Porter, but is at
present idle.
100. P. NovTs Banks, (r, 14*)
These are two small banks and a few shafts, four and a half
miles north-east of Hanover.
It was leased to P. Small, who took out 200 tons or more.
The lease is now out. The shaft is twenty feet deep ; not in
operation at present.
101. BechteVs Banks. {Vfis.)
These are, first a large irregular opening, covering nearly four
acres and lying about three and three-fourth miles north north-
east of Hanover ; and secondly, a bank of an area of one-fourth
60 C. P. FRAZER, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874-75.
acre lying a quarter of a mile north of this. Neither of these
are being wrought at present, but the occurrence of the ore re-
sembles that in the Haldeman bank. No exposures were ob-
served in the vicinity
102. E. Haldeman ^ Co.'s Bank. (F, is.)
The distance and direction of this bank from Hanover are
the same as of the last. This bank lies perhaps 100 feet from
the western extremity of Bechtel's.
It was opened in 1870, by J. Duttenhoefer, of Hanover, and
is now worked by E. Haldeman & C!o. There are eight feet of
stripping before reaching the ore. There are three cars at work,
which are intended to put out thirty tons of ore per day. The
bank covers perhaps one-half acre. Eighteen men are employed
eleven hours per day, at $1 10, or nine to ten cents per car load
of dirt and ore. The water supply is not sufficient. Sixty six
per cent is wash ore.
He can wash 600 tons per month of 25 working days. But
Mr. Haldeman has operated as yet with one car ; 250 tons will l
work six cars.
The ore lies in yellow and blue clays. The deposits are ir-
regular and frequently run out. They are from one to three
feet in thickness
It is used at Chickies in small quantities, as admixture with
Cornwall and Chestnut Hill ore, for foundry iron.
Twenty-five tons of ore per day are shipped at Smith's Sta-
tion, Hanover Branch railroad, two miles distant. The engine
is 30-horse power.
The bank is now about 45 feet deep, and the only trouble
is from the scarcity of water.
A plate of "red oxide" runs in a south-west direction from ;
Haldeman's bank. It was discovered six feet from the surface
and has been followed some distance towards Kauffman's
Specimens were selected from all parts of this bank and
mixed together, and from this an average sample was selected
and analyzed by Mr. M'Creath, with the following results :
Per cent.
Insoluble silicious residue, . . 16.600
Sesquioxide of iron, . . . 61.428
Alumina, . . ... 8.176
DESCRIPTIOK OF ORE BAKKS.
C. 61
Manganese sesquio:
Phosphoric acid.
Sulphuric acid, .
Lime,
Magnesia, .
Water,
dde,
Per cent.
6.570
1.540
0.236
0.157
0.155
11.010
Sum, .
Loss,
99.878
0.128
Total,
. 100.000
This analysis corresponds to
Metallic iron, 43.000
Metallic manganese, .... 3.878
Sulphur, . . ... . . 0.094
Phosphorus, 0.672
The insoluble residue was composed as follows :
Per oent. Per ceat.
Insoluble residue, . . 16.60
Silica,
Oxide of iron.
Alumina,
Lime^
Magnesia, .
Sum, .
Undetermined,
Total, .
14.240
0.310
1.570
0.010
0.140
16.270
0.330
16.600
An analysis of this ore, made January 80, 1874, by J. Blod-
rget Britton, gave —
Per cent.
Metallic iron, 44.91
Insoluble silicious matter, . . . 18.98
Phosphorus, 1.30*
The external characteristics of the ore spoken of above, were
those of a sandy limonite full of seams of ochre, and contain-
ing gothite and other oxides of iron.
*It «eems hardly possible that so great a difference in the amountof phos-
I^homs in carefolly selected samples should exist. Perhaps Mr. Britton in-
tended the 1.30 por cent, to refer to phosphoric add, and not to phosphorus.
62 0. p. FRAZER, JE., RBPOBT OP PROaBESS, 1874-75.
The so-called Red oxide, which is highly valued as> an ore,
occurs both here and at several other points in the county. It
was sampled and analyzed by Mr. M'Creath, with the follow-
ing result :
Insoluble silicious residue, .
Per cent.
. 19.090
Sesquioxide of iron,
Alumina, ....
. 72.143
1.725
Manganese sesquioxide,
Phosphoric acid, .
Sulphuric acid, .
Lime, . . . • •
0.387
0.432
0.123
0.168
Magnesia, ....
Water, .....
0.330
5.760
Sum, ....
. 100.158
Excess,
0.158
This analysis corresponds to
Metallic iron.
Per cent.
. 50.500
Metallic manganese.
Sulphur, ....
Phosphorus, ....
0.269
0.049
0.189
Physically this mineral is exceedingly tough and hard, and
also somewhat arenaceous.
The analysis of the insoluble residue, was as follows:
Per cent.
Per cent.
Insoluble silicious residue, .
. 19.090
Silica, .
16.160
Oxide of iron,
0.720
Alumina, .
1.780
Lime, .
0.050
Magnesia, .
0.250
Sum,
. 18.960
■« 8.960
Undetermi]
aed, .
. .130
IQZ. KaufinarCs Bavk. (jv.ie.)
Situated alongside of Miller's, which is next on this list.
It was being opened and the machinery was being put in
position. Up to September 15 the bank was not fairly in opera-
I
DESCRIPTION OF ORE BANES. C. 63
tion, and can best be described by its neighbor. The machinery
is to be of the first quality, and this bank will soon doubtless
stand in the first rank of York county banks as to production.
104. Ashland Company^ s Bank. (F, is: ii, S7.)
Leased from Mrs. Miller. This very large bank, which is but
400 feet west of Kauffraan's, lies three miles north north-east of
Hanover, at the base of the Pigeon Hills.
It was opened about 1868. It covers about three and one-
fourth acres. Fifteen men are employed in this bank, and about
/ 18 tons are procured per day by carts and without a plane. The
whole clay bank below the stripping pays to wash. The ore is
shipped to York Road switch, three miles distant. There is
in use one portable engine of six horse power. The supply of
water is usually sufficient, but when this is not the case the
water is allowed to run back from the mud dams. The hands
are paid 10 cents per hour for 11 hours work. The engineer
gets $35 00 per month.
, Seventy-five per cent of the ore is wash ore. The engine is
of eight horse i)ower and the consumption of anthracite coal
about 10 tons per month. The washer is 26 feet long, with 96
paddles, arranged as single cutter, 14 inches in diameter, and
makes 8 revolutions per minute, and the wash screen 13 per
minute. Six one horse carts are employed.
The ore occurs in blue and yellow clays, in loose segregated
masses. It is used as a mixture with Tremonium ores in the
Ashland company's furnace. The capacity of the washer is
greater than the production of the mine.
Thirty-one tons fiave been washed in a day, and 25 can easily
be washed in the same time.
} 105. Bauman's Bank. (V,i7.)
Known also as Myer's bank. It lies about three miles a little
north of east of Hanover. Opening about one-half an acre in
area. It has not been in operation since fall of 1873
106. Widow Miller's Bank. (F, 17.)]
This is a small pit, a few hundred feet west of Bauman's, and
at present about 10 feet deep. Never much wrought.
64 C. p. FRAZER, JR., REPORT OP PROGRESS, 1874-75.
107. JEx-Gov. Porter's Barik. iv,i7,)
This is a bank of about an acre in area, opened about 1840
by Gov. Porter. It is situated about three miles east of north
of Hanover. It was wrought up to about 1862.
Besides this large bank there are a number of small pits in
the vicinity. All are washed shut.
108. GiU's Bank. (F, is; ii, 98.)
A number of pits have been sunk a little over three miles
•due north of Hanover, on the Abbottstown road, from which
a considerable amount pf ore seems to have been extracted. ^'
Not now in operation.
Country rock, quartzite and sandy slates.
109. M^Conaughy^s Opening.
About three and a half miles north-west from Hanover, on
the Hanover and Carlisle turnpike, Mr. Benade had just opened
some exploitation pits for the Lochiel iron works of Harrisburg.
Very little ore has as yet been taken out, but there are said to
be fair indications for a limonite of good quality. \
Country rock, quartzite.
110. GruWs Bank^ ( ft, 96; vii, 7.)
Or the Codorus ore bank, on the Codorus furnace estate, lies
five miles a little north of west of "Wrightsville, and belongs
to C. B. Grubb and heirs of E. B. Grubb.
It was discovered and opened in 1866. The ore is a sandstone
impregnated with iron oxides, of which (by an analysis by Mr.
J. B. Britton, kindly furnished by the Messrs. Grubb & Son)
not more than one-third exists in the form of magnetic iron
and the other two-thirds as red and brown hematite.
From 2,000 to 8,000 tons per annum are taken from this mine,
at a cost of from 30 to 40 cents per ton. No machinery is re- (
quired. The bank is an open cut of about three-fourths of an
acre in extent and 25 feet deep in its eastern end. The carts
are driven in at the west end, directly up to the east heading
and there loaded with the " rock ore." The ore is hauled by
contract about one mile to the Susquehanna river, for 50 cents
per ton, and thence floated to the St. Charles furnace, above
Columbia, for $1 00 per ton. There is no interference with
•operations from water.
V .
i •.
m ■
•» ^
\
t "
• I
P
«
"^ ••^■^■V -VHBP.
• V rsji
"^. . »
...x
r:
I.
■« • * -•• wjm • •*
;.</■<.
^^^V^v
■iSli
DESCRIPTION OF ORE BANKS.
C. 65
There are about 18 feet of clay and soil above the rock, which
is a gray gneissoid sandstone, containing impressions of cubes
of limonite pseudomorphs and often pyrite. The sandstone
plates are about two feet thick, more or less stained by iron
oxides. The general dip is south 12°. About 15,000 tons ot
the ore in all have been taken out.
In reference to the use of this ore the following extract from
a letter of the firm is given : " The iron made by a mixture of
this ore is soft, strong, and very fluid, which latter quality
makes it valuable for foundry purposes. It is also an excellent
mixture in a furnace — (low per cent of Phosphorus) — ^making
Bessemer steeP iron ; also for mixture with Cornwall ore. The
Cornwall ore containing about 6 per cent alumina to about 15
per cent of silica, is deficient in silica to produce the best re-
sults in a furnace with economy of fuel, and the silica in this
Codorus ore returns the amount required by a proper regulation
of the burden. A furnace will make more iron with a better
yield of ore, with less fuel, by the use of this ore in connection
with Cornwall than any other. The ore is used by C. B. Grubb
& Son, in the proportion of one-seventh in connection with
Chestnut Hill and Cornwall ores. The iron made is considered
equal to the best standard mill for plates, refined bars, nails and
foundry purposes."
An analysis of the ore by J. Blodget Britton, was as follows :
Per cent.
Water,
Iron protoxide,
Iron sequioxide,
Oxygen,
Silica,
Alumina,
Lime,
Phosphorus,
Oxygen,
Sum,
Loss,
Total,
4.130
86.080
}
0.069
0.089
}
3.600
40.310
17.160
83.800
4.610
0.050
0.158
99.688
0.312
. 100.000
^— C.
66 C. P. FRAZER, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874-75.
According to this analysis there are 28.46 per cent of metallic
iron, in the ore.
At the time of the visit to this mine, about 25 tons were being
taken out per day. The bank is only worked during the sum-
mer months. Seven men were employed there at $1 10 per day
of 11 hours.
There is about eight feet of stripping to the clay, in which
occurs wash ore for six or seven feet more, and then solid rock ore.
The dip at one exposure seemed to be about south 20° west ;.
20°.
111. Coitrell Sf Benson's Bank. {Vi, u-)
This (an^ the next described) banks lie about three and a half
miles a little east of north of York. They are separated only
by the width of the road, and of course are geologically iden-
tical. The description of the larger one will apply to both.
This bank is owned by Cottrell & Benson, and has been oper-
ated by them since 1871. The principal ore is a limonite, of
which ten tons were got out per day. Twenty men were em-
ployed in the bank and eight outside. The engine of 20 horse
power consumed about half a ton of coal per day. The ore (all
wash ore) was hauled to Emigsville, two and a half miles dis-
tant, and shipped to Marietta. The bank is at present 45 feet
deep, and the ore is raised by inclined planes. Its area is about
one-half an acre.
It was not in operation early in September, 1874.
112. Smyser's {Sntairs) Bank. {Vi,u: v,49-)
This large bank covering an area of about two and one-half
acres, was leased by the Ashland iron company, ten years ago,
and the lease has yet ten years to run. The ore exists as lump
and wash ore and about fifteen tons are taken out per day.
Eighteen to twenty men are employed @ $1 10 per day ; fif-
teen in the bank and the others at the engine and washer. The
engineer's wages are $1 25 per day. The engine is of 25 -horse
power, and requires the consumption of one-half a ton of coal
per day. Pump connecting rods 200 feet long. The ore ia
DESCRIPTION OF ORE BANKS.
C. 67
shipped to Myers' switch, York and Wrightsville railroad, two
miles distant. There is usually about enough of water. The
ore is taken out by an inclined plane. The washer is 26 feet
long, and a single cutter with 90 paddles.
The sides of the bank ^re about 40 feet high, and except 8
feet of stripping, of blue and yellow clay. On the east side of
the bank a limestone dips west 18°, underlying the ore.
The ore is of two kinds. First, an arenaceous limonite, and
secondly, a smooth compact mass of grayish blue color, and
full of small cavities stained on the edges by limonite.
A number of specimens of the former kind were selected from
all parts of the bank, and an average sample obtained which
gave on analysis by Mr. M'Creath, in the laboratory of the Sur-
vey at Harrisburg :
Insoluble silicious residue,
Sesquioxide of iron,
Alumina,
Manganese sesquioxide
Phosphoric acid, .
Baryta, .
Lime, .
Magnesia,
Water, .
Sum,
Excess, .
This corresponded to :
Metallic iron.
Metallic manganese.
Sulphur,
Phosphorus,
Per cent.
14.780
46.285
2.674
22.888
1.491
1.322
0.240
0.155
11.200
101.035
1.035
32.400
15.934
0.027
0.651
The large percentage of manganese and the occurrence of
baric oxide in this ore are both pecaliaritiea that divide it from
any other ore in Tork county as yet known. It is naturally a
cold short-ore. The proportions in which it enters into the
difierent benches were not ascertained.
An analysis by Mr. M'Creath, of the insoluble residue, waa
as follows :
68 C. p. FRAZBR, JR., REPORT OP PROGRESS, 1874-'75.
Per cent.
Peroenft.
Insoluble residue,
14.780
Silica,
11190
Oxide of iron, .
%
0.800
Alumina,
2.230
Lime,
9
0.020
Magnesia,
0.890
Barium sulphate,
0.890
14.520 14.520
Undetennined, • . . 0.260 |
In this ore then there are 1.579 per cent of barium oxide,
and but 0.053 per cent of sulphur.
There is no ore in York county, whose analysis has been ob-
tained, which contains one-fourth so much manganese, and
these two occurrences ara not only exceedingly interesting in a
mineralogical but also in a metallurgical point of view.
Besides this limonite of Smyser's bank, is the so called white
ore, which resembles in general appearance a cherty limestone,
but with a much higher specific gravity.
A specimen analyzed under the direction of Dr. F. A. Qenth,
by Mr. Alfred Pearce, was as follows :
Percent.
Ferrous carbonate, .... 77.990
Manganous carbonate, . • . 0.450
Magnesium carbonate, • . . 8.530
Calcium carbonate, .... 1.430
»• "Alumina, 2.810
Silicic acid, 11.560
Vater, organic matter and loss, . 2.230
i Total, 100.000
The metallic iron in this spathic ore is 37.65.
The existence pf these widely different ores in tlfe same bank,
along with limestone, suggests the form in which the baryta
occurs as carbonate, and would tend to support the view that
the origin of the limestone is anterior to that of the Auroral,
which lies in close proximity to it.
113. Hake's Bank. {VI.Bj^)
Situated about two miles north of York.
Not now in operation. Excavation in clay.
>
(
I
\ t
I
DBSCEIPTION OF ORB BANKS. C. 69
114. Benson ^ CottrelVs Bank. (FJr, «5.)
On Louck'fi property. Situated one-third mile south from
the last mentioned.
Shafting was done three or four years ago ; works located
two years ago by Myers & Benson, who leased about 14 acres.
There were emj»loyed at the mine last year about five men, who
got out about 1,100 tons, (or about three to four tons per day.)
About ten per cent is lump ore. The ore is used altogether by
Messrs. Benson & Cottrell, in Marietta furnace. Wages, $1 00
per day of 11 hours. The ore is hauled to York for 50 cents
per ton ; three and a half to five tons hauled to the load. The
deposit is tolerably regular, and has been proved for one-third
of a mile. Breadth of ore bearing clay about 25 feet. One
eight horse power engine. The washer, eight to ten feet long,
diameter three and a half feet, with a single row of shovels.
The ore is removed by carts belonging to the company.
The ore is reported to contain a little phosphorus and sulphur.
About 1,900 tons have thus far been removed. The chief
want here is water. A magnetic sand and considerable quan-
tities of anhydrous oxide are intermixed with this ore.
115. Lightner's Ore Property. (FJ, f-#.)
Situated about one and a half miles a little west of north of
York.
An English company leased this property during last summer
and were still engaged in sinking trial shafts in September 1874.
The ore which has been taken out was sent to Harrisburg and
tested in the furnace, and was pronounced to be of the best
quality. It is also reported to be free from phosphorus, with
an abnormally high percentage of iron.
116. Louck's Bank. {Vi,i7; vijss.)
Situated one and three-quarter miles due north of York.
This is an. open cut about 15 feet wide, 18 feet deep and 50
to 60 feet long. The opening is in a bluish clay, soft near the
surfaces and mottled with crystals, specks of undecomposed
chlorite. The layers exposed in the cut are five feet of strip-
ping and soil ; then seven feet of yellow clay, containing ochrb-
ous iron ; then a thin seam of white clay and chlorite, and uu-
* •
y
70 C. . p. FKAZER, JR., KBPORT OP PROGRESS, 1874-'75»
derneath six to seven feet of clay, carrying segregated masses
of ore. Dip of slate in bank, north 23° west, 46°. The gen-
eral dip of the ore bearing stratum agrees very well with the
dip of the rock. The ore is got out by pick.
117. Smyser^s Bank, (vi^si.)
This is an old opening about 2 J miles north by west of York.
It was partially filled up, and had been abandoned, but was
leased and opened in the fall of 1873 by Cottrell & Benson.
Work was stopped last summer. They took out about 100 tons
of lump, and 400 tons of wash ore. Six to 10 men were em-
ployed at §1 per day. Ore taken out by carts.
118. Louck's Bank. {ViySs.)
Situated about 2J miles north north-west of York. Is an
old abandoned pit. It was visited by parties who contemplated
opening it last summer. Nothing showing ; bank filled up.
This bank lies almost on the edge of the mesozoic red sand- ^
stone, but belongs to the lower measures. ^
119. W. R, Smith's Ore Pit. (ii, 67.)
Situated on old State road, about one-half mile' west of the
Conewago creek. The pit has been opened, merely for exploita-
tion purposes, behind Mr. Smith's orchard. The ore which oc-
curs with yellow argillaceous sandstones in blue clay and clay
shales, appears to be principally micaceous and specular. A
short distance west of Mr. Smith's occurs the great trap dyke
which traverses nearly the entire length of Adams and York
counties in an north-east direction.
i
120. J. Lichte's Bank.
Situated about twelve miles due north of Hanover, and one
half mile from the Adams county line. It was opened in the j
fall of 1872. Two men are employed, and get out four to six
tons per day. About 300 tons in all have been taken out. A
trench 250 feet long, and generally about 18 feet deep, has been
sunk, and a slope has been cut in about 30 feet. The ore is
very hard, and is blasted and hoisted out on a wooden tramway.
A dyke of hard blue dolerite appears here, dipping about north
10° west, 85°
DESCKIPTION OF ORE BANKS. C. 71
121. " Mine Bank" ( JJ, 67.)
Is situated about six and a half miles south-eaflt of Dills-
burg. There are more than one operation on this outcrop, but
the one hastily examined in the season of 1874, is worked by-
Mr. H. M'Cormick, of Harrisburg. This valuable deposit of
ore strikes about north 23° east, dip west 23° north, 32°. It is
mined by as haft 60 feet deep* The bed is, in places, nine feet
thick. Eight men are employed in two shifts in the mine, and
the work was being pushed day and night, (Aug. 20, 1874.)
^ The wages of the men are $1 35 per day. The mine is kept
dry by one 7-horse power engine. The consumption of fuel is
about 50 bushels (two tons) a week of hard coal.
The ore is a micaceous ore, with much magnetite, and with
considerable copper in certain seams.
It is in great demand for '^ fixing" (fettling) purposes.
It is hauled to Dillsburg for about §1 50 per ton, and shipped
per Mechanicsburg Branch, Cumberland Valley- railroad, to
- Harrisburg.
1 122. The Logan Mine, {ii, 74.)
Is situated one mile north-east of Dillsburg.
The character of the ore resembles that of the Underwood
and Mumper mines, and with the latter, is owned and worked
by Mr. H. M'Cormick.
123. Mumper Mine» (ii, 74, 75, 76.)
m
This mine is situated about one mile north-east of Dillsburg,
and is opened in an argillaceous sandstone of the mesozoic
series dipping, about north 10° west ; 26°.
This mine is remarkable for the occurrence in it of a trap
dyke, (dolerite,) which probably marks the line of a fault along
\ which the measures have been elevated, according to a very
plausible theory suggested to me by Mr. M'Cormick in the
summer of 1874.
An analysis of the ore from the Logan shaft was made by
Mr. M'Creath,*with the following results :
Ferrous oxide,
■ «
t • *
Per cent.
18.643
Ferric oxide.
. «
• 1
42.100
Pyrites,
• «
1 • <
4.093
Copper sulphide, .
•
» •
0.098
Cobalt sulphide, .
•
( •
0.766
72 C. p. FRAZEB, JR., REPORT OP PROGRESS, 1874-75.
Alumina,
• •
Manganese sesquioxide,
liime, . • • •
Magnesia,
Potash and soda.
Phosphoric acid,
Sulphuric acid.
Carbonic acid.
"Water, .
' • *
Silica, .
Sum,
Loss,
Total,
In this ore there are coi
Qtained
Metallic iron.
Metallic manganese,
Magnetic oxides of iron,
Ferric oxide.
Sulphur,
Phosphorus,
Per cent.
2.417
0.186
6.132
6.738
0.350
0.052
0.119
1.760
1.080
15.120
99.654
0.346
100.000
Per cent.
45.880
0.129
59.040
1.703
2.680
0.023
124. The Underwood Mine, (ii, 740
Situated about one-fourth of a mile north of the Mumper.
This slope is 300 feet in length. Fourteen men work in the
slope and six outside. One 12-horse power engine supplies the
power, consuming about two tons of anthracite per week. 30 to
40 tons of ore are extracted per day. The ore is shipped to the
Pennsylvania steel company, Marshall furnace, and Newport,
Perry county. Trap two feet thick dips with the bed.
It costs forty cents per ton for hauling to Dillsburg. Work-
men's wages, $1 40 per day. Engine is worked till midnight
and during Sundays, to keep the mine free of , water. Fifty feet
south of slope is a shaft fifty-six feet deep, in which ore, six to
eight feet thick was struck.
The following analyses of the "Dillsburg" ores are kindly
furnished by Mr. Felton, President Pa. Steel Company, from
the records of investigations made by Mr. M'Creath :
it
DESCBIPTION OF OHE BAKES.
C. 73.
•
Silica,
Mftrcb8, 1872
Per cent.
■ 27.700
Ferrous oxide, -
■ 20.130
Ferric oxide,
. 44.732
Ferric sulphide,
Cupric sulphide,
Manganese sesquioxide.
Alumina, - - - .
0.742
trace
trace
1.050
Lime, - - - .
1.484
Magnesia, - - - .
Phosphoric acid.
Water, - . - .
1.837
0.038
1.580
Simi, - - - .
99.293
Undetermined,
0.707
Auff. 80, 1873.
Per cent.
22.100
13.930
45.640
1.052
0.048
0.652
1.824
5.322
4.308
0.024
5.000
99.900
0.100
Total, - - - 100.000 100.000
A determination of the five more important constituents of
another sample of this ore, made Nov. 15, 1873, was as follows:
Per cent.
23.879
Silica,
Metallic iron.
Sulphur,
Phosphorus,
Water,
Sum,
Undetermined,
37.430
0.652
0.084
5.240
67.235
32.765
Total, 100.000
Eight determinations of the three constituents : metallic iron,,
phosphorus and water (the latter by loss of weight at a tempera-
ture of 212° Fah.) were as follows :
Sept. 4,1873, -
Sept. 10, 1873, .
Sept. 18, 1873, -
Sept. 20, 1873, -
Sept. 26, 1873, -
Oct. 6,1873, -
Aug. 15, 1873,
Apr. 22, 1874, - 1.395
Per cent
»taIlicIron. PhoBpIiorns.
36.328 0.039
W»ter.
4.500-
36.767
0.039
4.500
36.528
0.034
4.500
35.526
0.025
5.060
37.952
0.028
5.120
36.000
0.034
5.000
40.375
0.041
6.000
41.731
2.950
74 0. p. FRAZER, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874-75.
Omitting from the calculation this last ore, which the differ-
ent amomits of water and iron mark as a separate variety, and
of which no determination of the phosphorus is given, we have
the following average percentages for the Dillsburg ore :
Per oent.
Metallic iron, 87.068
Phosphorus, 0.034
Water, 4.811
An analysis of ore from the Fuller mine, on the Yellow
Breeches creek, about three and a half miles from Dillsburg,
gave:
Per cent.
Ferrous oxide, 18.385
Ferric oxide, 43.414
Pyrites, - - - - - - 0.450
Cupric oxide, ----- trace.
Cobaltic oxide, 0.326
Alumina, 2.774
Manganese sesquioxide, - - - 0.352
Lime, 7.563
Magnesia, ------ 5.001
Potash and soda, ----- 0.054
Phosphoric acid, 0.052
Sulphuric acid, ----- 0.011
Carbonic acid, ----- 1.640
Water, 2.320
Silica, 17.860
Sum, 100.202
Excess, 0.202
Total, 100.000
■Corresponding to :
Metallic iron, 44.900 i
Metallic manganese, - . . - 0.245
Magnetic oxide of iron, - - . 59.240
Ferric oxide, ----- 2.560
Sulphur, 0.244
Phosphorus, 0.023
P
•
•»
^
DESCRIPTION OF ORB BANKS. C. 75
» >
125. Bender's Bank, ill, 69.)
Leased by Stoner & Hildebrand ; situated about one and three-
fourth miles south-west of Dillsburg. The bank is cut into
the soft clays on the south-east flank of the South mountain,
and is 250 feet long and 50 feet broad.
The south half is filled with water. The first opening was
made in the spring of 1873. There are about 20 feet of strip^
ping, inclosing fragments of hard quartzite rock. The ore is a
bla<3k limonite mixed with much clay.
It was said to have been hauled to Whitestown for |2 per
ton, the team making one trip per day. Six horses haul three
and a half tons to a load. There is one 12-hor8e power engine.
There is an insufiBlcient supply of water to wash the ore.
126. M'Cormiek's Bank. (ii,69,)
This bank is close by the latter. It is has been disused for
five years. There is still considerable ore showing in the bank
and not much water.
'NoTiB.—The previotia seven banks or Nos. 119 to 196, inclusive, wiU he made
the subjects of more detailed description in the report for next season,
A specimen of ore selected by Major H. S. Mac Nair, from
his farm in Adams county, on the Emmitsburg road and close
to the Maryland line, showed the following constituents:
Fer cent.
Insoluble residue, . - - - 3.710
Iron, 53.700
Sulphur, trace
Phosphorus, 1.197
Manganese, ------ 0.446
Sum, 59.053
Oxygen and undetermined, - - 40.047
Total, 100.000
A specimen marked "Ahl's ore, from the Mumford farm, ten
miles from New Oxford," of which analyses kindly presented
by Mr. Fulton, of the Pennsylvania Steel Company, showed : .
Per cent. Per cent.
Silica, .... 20.800 . MetalUclron.
Ferrous oxide, - - - 5.142 3.999
Ferric oxide, - - - 65.716 46.001
76 C* p. FRAZER, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874-75.
Per cent. Per cent.
Alumina, -
•
4032
Manganese sesqnioxide,
trace
Lime,
- "
8.886
Magnesia, ,
-
0.256
Phosphoric oxide,
•
0.189
Sulphuric acid, -
•
trace
99.921
Loss, -
•
0.079
Total, . . - 100.000 50.000
This ore may have contained as much as 11.426 per cent of
magnetic oxide.
Another analysis of the same gave :
Per cent.
Metallic iron,
40.250
Alumina,
11.600
Silica,
24.400
Lime,
6.048
Magnesia
0.360
Sum, . . . . .
82.658
Oxygen organic matter and undetermined.
17.342
Total, 100.000
A third examination on another occasion for iron, phospho-
rus and silica gave :
Silica, • • • • • •
Iron, . . . • • . •
Phosphorus,
Still another for the latter two constituents :
Per cent.
21.500
52.000
0.058
Per cent.
45.000
0.065
Iron, .......
Phosphorus,
These datas are obtained from records of analyses by Mr. M*-
Creath, and inserted here by permission of the Pennsvlvania
Steel Company.
^
>
4
DBSCEIPTION OF CROSS SECTIONS. . OL 77
CHAPTER n.
Description of Cross Sections,
•
Eleven cross-sections have been made across the principal ore
belt of York and Adams counties, to which most of the ob-
served outcrops of limestone, schists, slate, &c., are referred, by
co-ordinates, at right angles to the section lines, which latter
} i run approximately from north north-west to south south-east,
and are so represented on the map.
These sections are numbered 1, la, 2, 2a, 26, 3, 3a, 4, 4a, 5,
and 5a, and follow each other on the map, in regular order from
east to west.
Section 1, represents the characters and attitudes of all the
rocks exposed in the hill sides along the west bank of the Sus-
quehanna river, from the bend opposite Chiques rock, two
miles above the Columbia bridge at Wrightsville, to Bull's run,
' ^ five miles below it. Its course is south 25° east.
Section lay lies eight and a half miles west of the Susque-
hanna, at "Wrightsville, and runs south 25® east, from Smyser's
bank to within quarter of a paile of Longstown ; a distance of
about four miles.
Section 2, runs eleven and one-third miles south 25® east from
a point one thousand feet north of Emigsville on the Northern
Central R. R., to a point on the Peach Bottom R. R. three-
quarters of a mile south of the Red Lion tavern.
Section 2a, runs south 24°80' east from 8.8 miles west 23° N.
of York, ten miles, to Feigley's ore bank.
I ^ Section 26, lies four and a half miles west of York and runs
south 83° east from Little Conewago creek to near Falkenstein's
ore bank ; Seven miles.
Section 8, runs south 41° east from the town of Nashville
near the Pigeon Hills, to Shrewsbury Station, on the Northern
Central railroad, sixteen miles.
Section 8a, runs south 84°80' east from the Short Line R. R.
flouth-west of the Sprenkle ore opening, on the Pigeon Hills, to
Bachman Junction, on the Hanover Junction railroad; four
and a half miles.
78 (1 p. FBAZER, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874.
Section 4, runs south 85° east from the Abbotstown road, five
and two-thirds miles north north-west of Hanover, to one-half
mile south-west of the Hoffacker Ore Bank, ten miles.
Section 4ta^ runs south 85° east through Hanover, from the
Littlestown , railroad to the Maryland line, seven and a half
miles.
Section 5, runs south 37°30'east through Littlestown, Adams
county, from one mile north-west of Littlestown to the Mary-
land line, three and three-fourths miles.
Section 5a, runs south 37^30' east, one and a half miles south- ^
west of the Section 5, from one-half mile north-west of the
Frederick railroad to the Maryland line, one and three-fourth
miles.
The dips from which these sections were constructed are
accurately located, and their directions plotted on the large
special map. The number accompanying each, refers to the
strength, or angle of inclination to the horizon-plane.
"Where insufficient evidence was at hand for the determina-
tion of the plane of a fault it has been drawn as if vertical. i
SECTION NO. 1.
Section on the west bank of the Susquehanna River ^ from opposite
Chiques Hocky through Wrightsville^ to the mouth of BulVs Run.
This section, the most important of the series, because of the
abundance and size of the rock exposures, might naturally be
expected to furnish the key to the geology of both York and
Lancaster counties. It was studied by Professor Rogers, in
the First Geological Survey of the State, and is represented in
part by his published section from Chiques to the head of
Chesapeake bay.* But the section of Mr. Rogers was made up /
of a portion above Columbia, on the left bank of the river, and
a portion below Wrightsville on the right bank. The new sec-
tion is made out of observations confined exclusively to the
right bank of the river, both above and below Wrightsville.
It is based upon a careful instrumental survey of the river
bank, as shown in the map ; all the exposures at, and above
water level, some of them high on the hill sides (and in some
* Final Beport. Vol . I ; page 184.
DESCRIPTION OF CROSS SECTIONS. C. 79
cases back from the river, in the ravines) being referred to a
straight line running south 25° east.
The observations are all plotted on the section so as to make
the reader face the north-east, as in the case of all the other
sections in this District.
The interpretation of the structure given in this section,
differs in many respects from that of Mr. Rogers, as exhibited
in his. Every observable dip has been studied, and many pos-
sible arrangements. The one adopted for representation must
be regarded as the one at present most plausible. The difficul-
ties encountered by the observer from frequent contortions and
repetitions, the suspected presence of faults, and the absence of
fossils, will become apparent in the course of the description.
In a subsequent chapter these will be more fully discussed.
Description of Section No. 1. — Commencing at the north or
left hand end of the line, about one and a half miles above
"Wrightsville, near the point around which the Susquehanna
river bends abruptly opposite .the Chiques rock, compact white
to pink quartzite occurs dipping south — 48°. The same rock
appears dipping the same way (south 10° east — 46° to 48°,) at
intervals for three-quarters of a mile along the river bank.
Sandy slate comes in over it, and with similar dip (south 20°
east — 45°), at 6, 8,040 feet from a the starting point. One hun-
dred feet of it (measured perpendicular to bedding) are visible.
It consists of fine grains of quartz, debris of the old crystalline
schists ground almost to powder, with numerous spangles of
micaceous iron ore.
Over this lie 1520 feet (actual thickness) of a more earthy
slate, containing much more greenish matter, casts of pyrites
and undecomposed pyrites imbedded in it.
Note. — Here {at c) a dip north 20° west — 10^ was observed mark-
ing a disturbance, the exact shape and size of which could not be
made out ^ for want of other exposures. It cannot be of great import-
ance, seeing that, for the next 1,200 feet all the observed dips are
again to the south, {from south to south 15° east,) and of the usu/U
force {fr<m 50° to 68°).
In this first part of the section, then, we see a mass of quartz-
ite passing upwards into sandy slates and argillites, about
5,000 feet thick, dipping southward down the river, at an angle
dO C. p. FRAZER, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874.
of about 45®, increasing in steepness (but not with any appa-
rent regularity) to 70°.
Limestone* sets in (at d) with an exposure 350 feet south of
the last or highest observed outcrop of slate, (the slate dipping
south 10° east — 50°, and the limestone the same,) and in the
banks of a small streamf entering the river half a mile above
the Columbia bridge. The bed of this run must coincide closely
with the line of contact of slate and limestone.
Limestone quarries are numerous for the next 1,600 feet of
section. The strata are well exposed with dips to the south . t
(from south 10° east, to south 15° east) and steep. The steep-
ness of the dip constantly increases, following this range of ex-
posures down the river side, being at first 56°, then 66°, at
Kerr & Cook's quarry {e) south 4° east — 76°, and in the town 600
feet west of the bridge, south 18° east — 70°. There can be no
doubt, therefore, of the shape of the curve of structure ex-
pressed in this part of the section.
The total thickness of limestone thus exposed measures 2,800
feet. ^
Li Detweiler's, and Kerr, Cook & Co.'s quarries, the limestone
is crystalline.. In Detweiler's quarry the layers roll much ; and
a thin calcareous slate appears in the foot of the south wall.
On the road, immediately south of the quany, occurs a con-
glomerate of white (and less frequently pink) limestone pebbles
in a blue limestone matrix, the difference of color being very
distinctly marked.
Few good exposures of limestone are seen in the streets of
"Wrightsville for the next 1,000 feet of section. Then nearly
vertical dips begin to appear, and persist as far as the mouth of
Creitz's creek (which cuts off the lower end of the town) ; a
distance of 2,800 feet along the line of section.
A synclinal trough of limestone has, therefore, been passed.
At least this is the most natural interpretation of the exposures.
The axis of the supposed synclinal would cut the river some-
what near the bridge (/).
The dips of the southern side of the trough are, however,
not perfectly vertical. One on the hill top, 150 feet south of
* Auroral Limestone. Rogers.
t An 80° dip bere Is ezoeptlonally steep ; bat deviations of this kind fh>ni the average dip
. are most t^quently found close to the contact lines between snooesslye formations.
DBSCBIPTION OF GROSS SECTIONS. C. 81
the York turnpike, reads south 10^ east — 83°. Another a few
hundred feet away reads south — 86°. Others range between
these directions and strengths. They must all, therefore be con-
sidered as slightly overturned. But the uniformity within these
narrow limits is sufficient to allow of an approximately true
estimate of the thickness of the limestone mass ; which, if no
material error has been committed, is at least 2,800 feet. The
. thickness of the limestone exposed north of the bridge may
also be reckoned at 2,800 feet. Therefore there is good reason
) for considering these two series as different sides of the same
eyncliual.
From Creitz's Creek in Wrightsville to loithin SOO feet of Wilton's
Tun^ a distance of half a mile (2,500 feet,) the line of section
traverses a belt of argillites, sandy slates and pyritiferous slates
with chloritic matter dipping south, south 10° east, at various
angles from 65° to 89° (?) or vertical. They appear to consist of
the same materials as those north of Wrightsville ; but bear,
for the most part a surprising resemblance to limestone, of
which substance, however, they are almost entirely destitute.
A study of the section line each side of Creitz's creek, and
of the line of contact between the limestone belt north of it
and the slate belt south of it, back from the river towards
York, makes it impossible to interpret the structure here with-
out the help of a fault. The contact of limestone and slate
along Creitz's creek must be one of unconformability {g).
A study of the dips in slate between the two creeks, justifies
their division into two series, thus (reading along the section
line southward :) Creitz's creek ; 60° ; 80° ; 65° ; 70° ; 50° ; 75° ;
<A): and 90°; 90°; 90°; 85°; 87°; 85°; Wilton's run.
The first series occupies 1,200 feet of section line and 1,080
feet thickness of slates; the second series 1,200 feet both of
slates and of section line. But 300 feet unaccounted for in the
middle may easily make these two sides of the synclinal of
equal thickness. The whole may be interpreted, therefore, as a
tightly folded synclinal trough of slate.
Three hundred feet before reaching Wilton's run, the north'
em edge of another belt of limestone is seen. The last slat^ expo-
sure striking east 12° north, and standing vertical ; the first
limestone exposure dipping south 5° east, only 54°. >
82 C. p. FRAZER, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874.
A fault, therefore, separates the Wilton's run limestone belt
from the slate belt north of it (i).
The WiltorCs Run limestone belt is about an eighth of a mile
wide, its rocks all dipping one way,* southwards ; at the first
exposure marked on the section (south 5® east — 54°) ; and at the
second (south 10° east — 60°), giving an observed thickness of
500 feet of limestone and probably 1,000 feet, including a slaty
layer which overlies the true limestone but seems to belong to .
it, before reaching Wilton's ore bank where the next belt of
slate begins ; for Wilton's ore bank, like all the principal banks i
catalogued in the foregoing chapter, lies on the junction line of
limestone and slatcf (Ore and supposed fault at k.)
Crystalline schists — dark argillites and hydro-mica slates —
succeed, and occupy the next mile or more (7,000 feet) of the
line of section. Their outcrops form a face of very precipitous
hill-slopes, thinly covered with the hardier mountain trees,
along the river front, overhanging the canal, to within a short
distance of the mouth of Cline's run. They widen westward,
back from the river ; narrowing the Wilton's run limestone f
belt to a point in that direction. Near their contact with the
limestone, on the river bluff, a Baltimore company attempted
to mine them for roofing slate, but without profit. They con-
sist of layers of fine grained argillite, some of which is very
dark in color.
The dips of the slate beds are all steep ; but they can be
grouped so as to suggest at least two overturned folds or anti-
clinals, thus : —
* 800 feet from the month np Wilton's rnn two dips of N. 40^ W. 48^ were obtained in lime-
stone. These are at present regarded as the results of local derangement.
4
t This bank ftimlshes a very good qnallty of Iron ore imbedded In a yellow and red olay,
free from grit. Anhydrous oxide of iron occurs in detached flakes here, and also tmaU
quantities of magnetic ore.
SESCRIPTIOX OF CROSS SECTIONS.
C. 83
OftleareoQB slate.
1
Mica slate
Mica slate
Mica slate
Argillaceous mica slate
ArfflHaoeoas mioa slate
ArgiHlte slate
Qaartsite......
Slates .
Oompaot chlofite slate ; Intersect- (
Ing^dlps of laminfB I
Slates j
Slates
Slates...
Slates
Arglllltes
Mica slate
Compaet chlorite slate
Gompact fine gnrained chlorite
Slate
Normal
direction
of dip.
S,
N.
S.
N.
y S.
Observed dip.
/ * V
south 16P east^-es^
south 10° eaiit-86<^
south 10° east— 87^
south 10° ea8t^85°
south 10° east— 74°
south ao° eastr— 68°
south 10° east— 88°
south 80° east— 8a°»
rsoaih 28° ea8t-«4^
] south 28° east— 45°
, tsouthSS^east— 74°
south 16° east— 59°
south 15° east— 56°'
south 15° east— 74°
south 30° east— 52°
south 15° east— 60°
south 10° east— 62®
Distance S. from
Wllton*8 ore bank
in feet along
line of section.
400
1,000
1,200
1.850
1,4W)
1,600J
1,9001
2.150
2,400
2,550
2.800
2,900
2.060
8,300
3900
4,800
5,060
8outh20°ea8t— 70°
5 south 15° east.
} vertical, (42^f )
S south 10° west.
L { vertical, (32°t)
w
a
6,200
6,580
7,000J
There
There
Chlorite slates
Sandy slate,
That there is an overturned anticlinal at I is evident,
may he another at m between the dips 88° and 86°.
seems to be one also at n, between the dips 74° and 56°, and
there may be others. There is almost certainly here exposed, a
thickness of 4,000 feet of slates, between Wilton's run and
Cline's run. J
The first one-third of a mile of the measures above described,
consists of argillites and hydro-mica slates; the rest belong
rather to the class of compact chlorite slates. If the section be
rightly constructed, the chlorite slates on the south overlie the
argillites and hydro-mica slates to the north of them.
The southern limit of the chlorite slate mass is at a fault,
which lets down against it the calcareous slates and limestones
of the belt next to be described.
This supposed fault crosses the river at a point 1,400 feet
above (north of) Cline's run.
A third limestone belt is now crossed by the section along a
line of nearly two and a half miles (12,060 feet), to which must
be added 1,000 feet, more or less, destitute of exposures, at its
southern end.
Calcareous slates are first seen at o (1,400 feet north of Cline's
run), dipping south 20° east — 50°. In the next 650 feet, are
* Possibly cleavage. f Almost certainly cleavage.
t For the purpose of assisting the eye of the reader to catch at a glance the supposed
structure of the slates, a narrow belt between g and i, and also one between k and o has
been shaded.
84 C. p. FRAZER, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874.
seen rapid and confusing changes of direction and intensity of
dip, suggesting the idea of a general disturbance in the neigh-
borhood of the fault, or contact plane between this belt and
that last described : south 20° east —60° ; north 5° east — 60° ;
—south 25° east— 80° ; south 20° east— 88° ; north 20° west
— 44° ; vertical ; and south 70° west— 25° ; the strata being
much convoluted.
On constructing the curves which these dips demand, the ap-
pearance is that of a sheet of paper crumpled on the edge. At
Cline's run the limit of this disturbance seems to have been
reached, and the dip of south— 85° is observed. The first layers
of limestone met with, are much intersected by quartz veins.
This dip probably continues comparatively uniform over
1,700 feet of a country where no rocks are exposed, to the
northern bank of a small stream (p) where it is south 80° east
— 62°. Immediately south of this an exposure gives south 15°
east— 84°, and gives authority for the presumption, likely in the
first place, that the bed of this stream lies in the synclinal axis
of this basin or fold of the limestone.
Diitanoe in foot
aouth along
IMpi, Motion.
^. Supposed Ilneof fkult
Sandy slate, probably OAloarooos.. 190
Xtlmestone, sandy 3W
> ' Ijlmestone 600
'Oaio. slates, mnoh oonyoluted, rertlaal 000
XlmeBtone(01.)S. 90^ £.—00^ sonth 70^ west-®^ 800
Xilmestone sonth— 86<> 1,080
Oline'srun 1,200
p. Idimestone south 80° east— 82<) 2,680
Small run (Synclinal?) — ^
Limestone south 16° east— 84° 2,700
lilmestone 8outh20° ea8tp~72<» 4,440
Ijlmestone quarry south 17^ east— 84^ 4,400
lilmestone south 20° east— 62°- 6,820
q, Limestone south 22° east— 72° 6,M0
r. lilmestone (D. liOber^s quarry) touth 80° east— 80°
Fine grained soapy calcareous slates, with ) ^ ^^
limestone (Cl.)north t weet60° j *
t. liober'i miU .' 8,200
lilmestone in Oabin Branch Bun south 80° east— 88° 8,040
Oalc. slate, with large pyrites south 20° east— 88° 8,020
Ziimestoae, (Detweiler^s quarry) south 26° east— 46° 0,800
*< i. * ,j * « south 10° west— 46° ,-.,.«
Uiii«ton«,{oWq«»rry) | wuth lo- wrt^' ^'^"^
I. Limestone quarry south 26° east-^° 12,000
II. Chlorite slates north 80° west-60° 18,480
"So exposures are visible for 1,660 feet south of the small run
at p.
i
DESCKIPTION OP CROSS SECTIONS. C. 85-
Then for a total distance along the line of 3,960 feet, there
are exposures of limestone, varying in dip from south 15° to
22° east, and in steepness from 52° to 84°.
Here, between q and r, may lie the axis of another synclinal.
"Where the intermediate anticlinal axis should be located, does
not appear. But if the proposed structure be accepted, there is
here a possible thickness of limestone of about 1,600 feet ;
equal to the apparent thickness of limestone and calcareous
slates between o and p^ or between the little run and the fault
north of Cline's run ; where moreover, the line of the Keller
and Emig ore banks would, if projected, strike the section line.
The possible second synclinal between q and r, shows one
vertical exposure in D. Leber's quarry at r, 660 feet south of y,
with marked cleavage (?) planes of 50° to the north-west. Le-
ber*s mill is 1,440 feet further on ; and 400 feet more brings the
section line to the Cabin Branch, where limestone is seen
dipping south 30° east — 68° ; and 810 feet further, calcareous
slates, with pyrites, dip south 20° east — 68°.
According to the best interpretation of these last dips, they
mark the lower edge of a rising wave of limestone which sinks
again about 1600 feet south of the latter (at the point s) with a
dip of south 25° east — 45° ; which would place an anticlinal
axis between these last two exposures.
If these rocks be considered as the lower members of the
limestone mass, then the anticlinal will lie somewhere near
Cabin Branch, and the thickness of the mass thus exhibited
cannot well be less than 2,600 feet.
From the place of the last dip of the limestone, (<,) for 1,400
feet through a ravine, there are no further exposures ; but at
this distance the precipitous hills of compact crystalline schist
recommence with a dip of north 30° west — 49°, to 52°, {u). This
is immediately followed by dips of north 25° to 28° west — 08°
to 77°. In the section of these same beds, made during the
previous survey, the dips above referred to are considered cleav-
age dips, and the succession of measures is considered conform-
able throughout the whole length. At this point, near " Bull's
run,'' the limestone series is drawn as if it rose over the slate
hills last spoken of. But a careful study of the quarries failed
to show any sufficient reason for not accepting the planes of
^
86 C. p. FRAZER, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874.
lamination as those of bedding. So far as could be ascertained
the rock was homogeneous in those planes. Still this point
must be reserved for future determination, and the interpreta-
tion of this section above given, must be accepted only as the
best explanation that I can give with my present light.
Recapitulation^ returning along the section northwards : —
According to the above data, this section reveals three belts
of limestone and four of slates. The first (southern) belt of
the lower formation ends at Bull's run, (m,) and the calcareous ,
strata commence with a large anticlinal, exposing the most if )
not all the members of this series. In the 2.3 miles of the
latter which follow, there are two anticlinals and two synclinal
axes, the northern margin terminating with much distortion
against a fault. North of this fault is a broad folded and, per-
haps, collapsed anticlinal, 1.2 miles between the limbs ; of which
the northern is the steeper, as in all cases on this line. Here
another fault separates this formation from the second lime-
stone belt, which latter is a little less than one-fourth of a mile
in extent, and indicates the northern half of a synclinaL The
next synclinal is ot dates, and terminates with distortion against
another basin of limestone. This belt of limestone, about one
and one-fifth miles in breadth, and including the town of
Wrightsville, represents a tolerably regular syncliiial, with the
southern side the steeper and the northern slightly waved and
lying conformably upon the sandy slates, which, in their turn,
rest upon quartzite.
This construction requires certainly four and perhaps five
faults within a space of six and a half miles, as follows : One
at Creitz's creek ; two, twelve hundred feet apart, on the oppo-
site sides of Wilton's ravine ; and one between the slate and
limestone north of Cline's run. The fifth, at the unconforma-
ble contact at Bull's run, is not a necessary assumption ; since
the nearest exposures in the respective formations are too far
apart to permit the manner of contact to be portrayed with cer-
tainty. In favor of the fault at Cline's run may be adduced
the cleavage of south 15*^ east — 42°, which suddenly appears in
the slates just north of the contact. For the cleavage planes
are perpendicular to the lines of greatest pressure, and the per-
pendiculars to these planes represent the direction along which
•
• • «
• 4
\
. "i '. 'V'^"
i
\ ■
*^ >:
. V
« •>
■ « ■
1
DESCRIPTION OF CROSS SECTIONS. C. 87
the greatest resistance to the downthrow must have been ex-
erted.
Description of Section la.
The line of this section runs south 25° east throusch the new
Moser bank. Commencing at the north-western extremity the
limestone in Smyser's bank dips west 26° south — ^18°. Close by
a quartzite dips south 30° east — 34°.
The sides of the range on which the ore occurs' are much
filled with loose boulders and debris, so that for little more
than a mile and a quarter no dip was recorded. The next
(7,880 feet from the starting point) is in crystalline schists
which dip south 80° east — 65°. The ore range on which
are the Fritz & Heidelbach banks crosses the section line
immediately south of this exposure,* and is succeeded by the
northern edge of the limestone, 1,680 feet south 25° east of the
above slate with uncertain dip. In the succeeding one and
one-fourth miles the dips in the limestone are south 25° east —
vertical, and south 85° east — 45°.
About 4,000 feet further on, the slates occur dipping south-
eastwardly, but the direction and strength are both uncertain.
The intervening distance between the last two dips is deeply
covered with soil. The line of fault previously referred to, if
persistent, would cross the section line within this space. This
brings the section to its termination half a mile north of Longs-
town.
Continuing along the same line from the termination of the
section the next five miles appear to be filled by a broad syn-
clinal (?) of slates, in the interior of which the prolongation of
the Cabin Branch limestone might be expected, if it continue
westward ; but this limestone itself was not observed on the
line of the section. A limestone (Feigley's) which occurs on
the same range in another section raises a question as to the
horizon to which it should be referred. Some facts would seem
to show that it was older than the York limestone, although in
general appearance it might be easily mistaken for the latter.
To recapitulate: —
I r - _^^_ „ ■ - ■ — — — ■■ -■------■ . ■ ■ ^ ^
* The outcrop of limestone nearest to this exposure and giving a dip, is one about 8,000
feet southwest and nearly half a mile off the section line. It dips south 40^ west— 10^.
This direction is abnormal and may be regarded as one of the many local variations obier?ft-
ble In the limestone, when the angle of its inclination to the horizon Is small.
88 C. p. FRAZER, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874,
Beginning on the north-west, quartzites, crystalline schi8ts,&c.y
dip south of east with different degrees of strength, but more
steeply than the succeeding limestone, which, in turn, exposes
only one-half of a synclinal basin, the south-east half being
missing; andprobably rests \inconformably against the hydro-
mica slates. These latter seem to exhibit two complete waves
in six miles, a north- westwardly dip of the last one being the
limit of thfe section.
Description of Section No. 2.
Section 2 runs south 25^ east from a point on the Northern
Central railroad, a little less than a quarter of a mile north of
the town and station of Emigsville to a point oh the Peach
Bottom railroad, 4400 feet east 40® south of the Red Lion
tavern.
The total distance along the line of section from the
point in the Mesozoic sandstone where the first dip was obtained
to the mica schists at the locality south-east of the Red Lion on
the P. B. R. R. is 60,080 feet, or a little over eleven and one-
third miles.
This line of section is nearest to York at a point not far from
its intersection with the "Wrightsville branch R. R., whence
York bears west 25° south distant about 2.1 miles.
Commencing as above stated in a railroad cut just north
of Emigsville the Mesozoic strata are well exhibited bu.t under
conditions entirely different from those governing any other
exposure visited in York or Adams counties. Here at
the northern end of this cut the dip of a fine-grained red
sandstone is west 15°, north 52°. This material fills from a
third to a half of the northern side of the hill.
Following this southward over the surface is an exposure for
about 42 feet of a calcareous sandy pink shale dipping south
5° east 20°, over which for 27 feet comes a blue finely lami-
nated limestone with white streaks, and upon this rests a red
calcareous conglomerate two feet thick. This underlies a belt
of reddish shaly sandstone 63 feet in breadth. ]S"ext above
come nine feet of compact fine-grained sandstone, and capping
all, one hundred and fifty-six feet of arenaceous shales of a
somewhat flaggy character.
DESCRIPTION OF CROSS SECTIONS. C. 8^
The dip of all these but the first is about south 5° east — 20°.
There would seem therefore to be an anticlinal in the Triassie
measures — the only instance of one recorded within the limits
of this district. The contact line of limestone and Mesozoic
sandstone lie^ within, or just north* of, the town of Emigsville,
but the first recorded dip in the older formation when projected
upon the line of section is 2,160 feet or a little more than a
third of a mile from the last dip. The outline of the area of
limestone is here a very complicated one. The northern edge
of the belt which crosses from Lancaster county at Wrights-
ville and runs south-westwardly, turns north at or near Lightner'&
bank/and after sweeping north-east, east, south, again east, then
north-west, Bgain east to Smyser's bank, crosses the Codorus
creek, about one and a half miles north of the last-named local-
ity and turns abruptly upon its course, running about south-
west past Louck's bank, and near Beeler's cross roads and forming
the upper boundary of the reunited limestone belt which passes
at no great distance from the Gettysburg turnpike to the
Pigeon Hills, which it partly overlaps. The dip last-mentioned
on this section was obtained on that part of the limestone
where the second abrupt change of direction produces a penin-
eula-shaped prong encompassed on three sides by underlying
schists.
As represented on the map the southern edge of this
prong of the limestone crosses both the line of section and the
Codorus creek, 8,000 feet further south 25° east from the above
dip. 8,800 feet further down the line from this triple intersec-
tion we have a dip in schists of north 25° west — 46°.
640 feet further on occurs the projection of the second dip
given in section la, a quartzite forming the ridge which runs
from York to Chiques' rock dipping south 80° east — 84^.
The exposure from which this dip was obtained is three
quarters of a mile north-east of the section line, and its importance
would be much diminished owing to this remoteness, were not
the topography such as to give every guarantee of the persist-
ency of this rock under the same conditions of structure for a
considerable distance. The dip was obtained close to the north-
east limit of the village of Pleasureville. 1000 feet further on
the line appear crystalline schists dipping south 80° east — 85°.
90 C. p. FRAZER, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874.
The structure possibly agrees with that along the bank of the
Susquehanna north of Wrightsville where the quartzite is over-
laid comformably by the same schists.
It is nearly unavoidable then, to consider these outcrops
grouped about an anticlinal axis, and this assunaption is consist-
ent with the facts next to be noticed.
5,000 feet further down the section line from the place of the
last-mentioned (vertical) dip, there are situated two ore banks
(Ebert and the Corr.) close to our line.
The dips obtained in these excavations were somewhat incon- )
sistent and confusing, but can nevertheless be divided into two
northerli/ dips of west 20° north — 70°, and north 15° west — 85°,
and one southerly dip ± south-east 70°.
It is very significant that the latter of these northerly dips is
in quartzite resembling that near Pleasureville. As constructed
there is a synclinal valley between these two quartzite outcrops
which are thus considered continuous.
Again, with the south-east dip this (near the lowest member
of the series) sinks deeper beneath the surface, while the belt )
of limestone, whose northern margin is distant about half a
mile, is seen to come in conformably (?) on top of these
schists just as the same measures do north of Wrightsville.
Erom the first exposure of quartzite, in place — the York county
continuation of Chiques'. rock north of Wrightsville — to the
top of the limestone series and perpendicular to the bedding,
the thickness of quartzite, slate and limestone taken together
is about 7,000 feet. According to the best hypothesis of struc-
ture the thickness of the beds from the quailzite of Ebert's
mine to the top of the limestone series is about 7,320 feet.
5,200 feet on the line from these banks, or about one mile
south 25° east, a dip in the limestone formation of south 22°
east — 34° is found, and within the next one and one-third miles
between this point and the southern margin of the limestone are
two dips south 45° east — 55°, and south 45° east — 35°, the latter
close to the line of fault supposed to be continuous from
Creitz's creek to this point, and separating the limestone strata
from the schists.
In the remaining 6.1 miles of this section along the Peach
Bottom railroad the exposures are only sufficiently numerous to
(
DESCRIPTION OF CROSS SECTIONS. C. 91
prove the enormous thickness and comparatively simple structure
of these crystalline schists. Thus between the dip last referred
to on the southern margin of the limestone and the first visible
synclinal axis, a distance of 2.1 miles, the dips vary from south
19° to 45° east, from 50° to 70°. K all these exposures belong
to one side of a synclinal fold their actual thickness can scarcely
be less than 9,600 feet or 1.8 miles.
But the synclinal is very narrow — a mere curl in the meas-
ures which, after bending sharply over an anticlinal axis
situated about 2,200 feet further on the line than the position
of the supposed synclinal axis, continue to descend and bring
newer rocks to the present surface for a distance of 10,800 feet
(or a little over two miles,) along this line. Allowing for the repe-
titions of strata caused by these folds, this last southern limb of
an anticlinal would add to the total thickness exposed from the
limestone belt 7.800 feet or 1.47 miles. The total thickness there-
fore, of these schists seems to be at least 17,400 feet, or a little
less than 8.3 miles.
In the remaining one and a quarter miles of this sectio'n
there appear to be one anticlinal and two synclinal folds made
up of strata already passed over.
Returning hdckwards over the line from the Red Lion north
25° west, we find an immense thickness of crystalline schists
exposed for over six miles where the main body of the Wrights-
ville limestone is entered.
From here it is about 2.15 miles to the axis of quartzite re-
ferred to before, the measures seeming to lie conformably upon
this rock, the limestone on top and the schists in the middle,
all dipping at moderate angles. A synclinal of 1.2 miles here
intervenes between the two outcrops of this quartzite, which
at its north-western exposure forms the nucleus of a ridge con-
necting with Chiques.
The exposures are too meagre to enable the relation of this
quartzite to the limestone prong near the point of commence-
ment to be drawn with certainty. The distance to the next
dip in limestone being a little more than one and a-half miles.
Just beyond this dip and near Emigsville the New Red sand-
stone appears to rest unconformably against the limestone and
92 C. p. FBAZEB, JB., BEPOBT OF PBOGBSSS, 1874.
exhibits the anomaly of a sni&U anticlinal, the southern edge
of the beds dipping gently south 5° east.
SECTION 2a.
This section line runs south 24° 30' east from a point on the
York and Dillsburg road, one mile west of the line of contact
between the new red sandstone and the limestone at Beeler's
cross-roads, and 3.8 miles west 23° north of the town of York,
to an exposure of limestone in the ore bank known as Feigley'a
and ten miles from the starting point. I
At the point of commencement the formation is the New Red
or Mesozbic sandstone, and the exposure of red shale is seen to
dip north 45° west 15°. 3,800 feet on the line from this
point another exposure is noted in calcareous purple sandstone,
between layers of red shale, dipping north 70° west^-22°.
Below this and at the foot of the hill and in the immediate
vicinity of Beeler's crossroads occurs the coarse Triassic con-
glomerate with large pebbles, dipping north 60° west 80° (a).
Here about two and .three-fourth miles north 40°. west of '
York is the lower edge of the Mesozoic sandstone, which is
separated by a narrow belt of slates from the York lime-
stone. The latter. is disturbed and exhibits much rolling and
contortion, with however comparatively gentle dips. This dis-
turbance is perhaps mainly due to the presence of a dyke of
dolerite, which breaks out of the Mesozoic sandstone from the
direction of Emigsville, and cuts through the larger part of the
limestone belt. The confusion is more apparent a short dis-
tance south-west of this point. In the line of section indicated,
the limestone appears to form one synclinal and one anticlinal
wave. At the edge of the Mesozoic sandstone, in the cross-roads
near Beeler's house, the dip ♦is about north 60° west — 80°. f
Following this east for about 100 yards to the summit of a low
hill of slates, there occurs limestone in place (?), dipping about
north-east 25° (??). A few paces further east, on the opposite
slope of the hill, a white saccharoidal limestone is found, united
to and passing into a sandy slate, in the direction perpendicular
to the planes of bedding.
The unusually steep dip north 60° west, 80° in the Mesozoic
conglomerate is doubtless due to the local influence of the cleft
•^^ ^■^*?i '^.'i^fv.
r
o
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\ A- *^-
wtmmumtm^tm*^*^
/
I
I
)
DESCRIPTION OF CROSS SECTIONS. C. 93
along which the trap dyke just south-east of here, has broken
out from below. A few hundred feet from this exposure on the
line, calcareous slates enclosing a dark and white bed of lime-
stone, dip east 80° south — 40°. After a narrow and shallow
synclinal of 500 feet in breadth, and a lo.w flat anticlinal of
2,000 feet, follows an important 'half mile in which no expo-
sures were observed. If in this space there be not a north-
westerly (or its equivalent, a steep south-easterly) dip represent-
ing the southern limb of a synclinal, it seems impossible to
avoid a construction which, locating the axis of the anticlinal
a short distance below the surface on the line 6, brings
down continually newer rocks to the junction of the lime-
stone and schist near the bed of the Codorus. But this
construction would give an actual thickness of rock between
the limestone near a and that of the last exposure near ^, of
about 8,000 feet, a thickness two and a-half times that observed
on Section No. 1. There are other reasons here for suspecting
a non-conformable contact of a lower and an upper limestone
somewhere near the intersection of the dyke of dolerite at c.
Presuming, then, the axis of the separate synclinal of upper
limestone to exist near d it would be about 4,000 feet thick.
5,000 feet from e (the margin of the limestone) the hydro-
mica schists appear dipping south 55° east — 59°, followed by
quartz slates, whose direction is about the same and the inclina-
tion 80°.
From the first observed dip in crystalline schists on the sec-
tion line south-east of e to the last moderate south-east dip
(south-east — 58°) is 6,120 feet over the surface and section, and
requires at least 5,000 feet actual thickness of these schists.
8,720 superficial feet again intervene between this dip and the
next which is vertical. Between these two there lies at least
one (and perhaps several) synclinal axes, which there is yet no
means of accurately locating. If there be oi^e only near/ all
the measures which descend north of that point will rise south
of it between / and ff. The next two exposures south-east of g
are at distances of 200 feet and 2,200 feet respectively. The
dip of the latter north 60° west — 64° lends a powerful support
to the supposition that the former really represents the descend-
ing limb of an anticlinal whose axis must be within the 200
94 C. p. FRAZEB, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874.
ieet which separates it from g^ though the inclination is so
steep (84°) that its unassisted testimony to this effect would
carry but little weight. Here at h is probably a sharp anti
clinal. Another at i is supported by the same kind of proof,
viz : a north-westerly dip followed by a moderate dip (east 20°
south — 42°) near j^ the latter .very clearly indicating an anti-
clinal, and a sharp synclinal at k.
From here the line is destitute of exposures for 6,560 feet
further on, or to I, and there are no data for completing the
structure between these points.
From I the dips are nearly or quite vertical to m, where the
Feigley &-Brillhart ore crosses the section. In the midst of
this ore and on its north-west side is the limestone before
referred to which seems to be intercalated with the crystalline
schists (and therefore to be lower than the York limestone) and
at this point to lie somewhere near the middle of a deep syncli-
nal trough, since the last dip obtained on the line in crystalline
schists was north 20° west — 85°. This latter statement is how-
ever intended to be purely hypothetical, since the deviation from
the vertical is but 12° and may well be due to a local wave in
the strata.
SECTION 26.
This section runs south 33° east from Emig's Mill to
Falkenstein's bank ; 7.1 miles. Commencing with a north-
west dip in the Mesozoic sandstone opposite the mill on
the Little Conewago Creek, New Eed sandstone dipping
north-west — 30° is followed for 1.6 miles, where a trap dyke
is met, crossing the intersection of limestone and New Eed.
"Within the next succeeding 2000 feet, the limestone dips south 35°
to 25° east — 40°. A short distance further on, this dip increases to
south 30° east— 60° and then south 20° west— 20°. For the next
two miles or more, no outcrops are recorded, and the next rock
distinguishable is a crystalline slate near New Salem, dipping
south 15° east — 64°. Again, after an interval of two miles
barren of recorded dips, occur hydro-mica and chlorite slates,
striking north 35° east, vertical, and continuing for 1.3 miles,
where occurs a dip of south 45° east — 64°. . Here this section
ends at a point on the N. C. R. R., midway between Smyser's
and Brillhart's stations.
I
DESCRIPTION OF CROSS SECTIONS. C. 95
Though the data on this line are insufficient to permit of a
reproduction of the bed structure, yet some important points
deserve notice.
There is evidence from boulders and fragments lying about
the surface, of the presence of a dyke of trap in the neighbor-
hood of the southern end of Logansville 2.15 miles from the
termination of the section on the same line, although no topo-
graphical evidence is observable nor is this rock found in place.
This, however, is a very usual circumstance in this region,
where the conditions are such as to permit very free access of the
atmospheric influence to large masses of rock. It is a law of
the formation of these dykes that they radiate out from certain
centres, and branch from secondary centres ; and it is another
almost universally observed fact, that the original centres are
confined to the area covered by the Mesozoic strata. It is in
the highest degree probable,, therefore, (though not demonstra-
ble) that the dyke, part of whose debris was found near Logans-
ville, issued from some point in the New Red sandstone, and pene-
trated all the measures between Logansville and that forma-
tion, and one would look at its least remote margin to seek evi-
dences of this action.
About seven and a half miles north north-west of Logans-
ville, and almost at the nearest point on the New Red sand-
stone, is found that somewhat remarkable dyke which
crosses the Carlisle road near Beeler's house. An examination
of the special map will show that this dyke forks into several
branches somewhere near Dr. Eisenhart's property, and almost
certainly joins another dyke, which is very largely developed
a mile or more further west. One of the prongs from this ig-
neous centre was traced across the west branch of the Codorus,
north of New Salem, but there its trail was lost. Between the
point to which it was traced and the south end of Logansville,
there intervenes about six miles.
If we may suppose then that this dyke originally pursued
this course, it would indicate the existence of a cross fracture
nearly north and south, which cut the measures obliquely. This
line of fracture could easily become a line of cross fault anc^
side thrust, were the conditions favorable. Now as to the facts :
a line of more or less regular deposits of ore is followed from
96 C. p. FRAZEB, JK., RBPOBT OF PROGRESS, 1874.
the Sosqaehanna, at the Margaretta furnace, to Littlestown.
With only two breaks the banks are so thickly strewn along
this line that a stranger may follow it by the engine house
chimneys, and dump piles.
These exceptions are : First, a break of continuity of about
two miles lying east of Longstown, perhaps not entirely ex-
ploited ; and second, a gap of three miles due north of the Feig-
ley and Brillhart ore, and so situated that were the country, in-
cluding these three banks, moved up bodily three miles to the
north, this gap would be completely filled. In the case of the j
other hiatus, there is no outlying group of deposits which
looks like a slice taken out of the line. Pursuing the strike of
the rocks at Feigley's towards the north-east, we come upon a
ferruginous slate, almost an ore, at the Bed Lion summit.
Peach Bottom railroad, and indications in the neighborhood of
the existence of ore. But south-westwardly of this point, there
is no more indication of a paying deposit, although the Feigley
and Brillhart bank is one of the most extensive in the caunty ;
unless, indeed, we assume the isolated Hofacker bank, twelve . f
miles distant, to lie in the same horizon — a very hazardous as-
sumption, though it must be confessed one strengthened by the
close chemical resemblance between the limestone at Feigley 's and
that near Allison's mill ; a resemblance elsewhere adverted to.
On the other hand, a line drawn through the southern end of
Logansville and the G. Leader and S. Hess deposits, actually
cuts the trap dyke spoken of at its secondary centre of radia*
tion. North-east of the line and north of the Feigley-Brillhart-
Oladfelter range, there is no ore until the very large deposit
of the Moser bank is reached ; south-west of the line, on the
strike of the Feigley bank, no deposit has been yet discovered,
but three miles north is the well-known and richly productive . '
range along the Hanover Junction railroad.
This is merely a possible hypothesis, but one worthy of atten-
tion, because it serves to illustrate the extent to which the geol-
ogy of this region may have been modified by faults.
The slates which occur here may possibly represent those be-
tween Wilton's and Cline's runs on the river. If so, the oc-
currence of ore along the tributaries to the South Codorus,
ftom Porter's siding to Hanover Junction, would conform to
DESCRIPTION OF CROSS SECTIONS, C. 97
the general law which seems to determine such beds along lines
of fault, as well as in definite horizons of altered iron minerals.
The general directions of the streams would, on this hypothe-
sis, mark the general direction of the two faults bounding these
slates.
Description of Section 3.
The line of this section is south 41° east from W. S. John-
son's ore property, on the south slope of the Pigeon hills, to
New Freedom, on the Northern Central railroad.
Commencing near Nashville, this line crosses about one and
one-fourth miles of limestone, reaching the margin of the York
limestone on the banks of the west branch of the Codorus.
The dips steepen to the south-east, and this belt of limestone
rests unconformably (at a fault dividing this formation at the
Codorus) against the crystalline schists beyond it.
The schists commence with comparatively gentle dips of
south 46° east — 32° ; south 30° east — 40°. An interesting item
in this section is the band of impure rusty limestone of unknown
thickness, which gives the first of these dips, and is followed
by a large mass of schists, composing the hill, which overlie it.
In appearance this limestone resembles that at Allison ^s mill, in
the Sprenkle ore shaft, &c.,and probably is not in any way con-
nected with the York limestone.
About a mile and a half further on, a dip of north 35° west
— 45°, seems to indicate an anticlinal, but the normal south-
eastwardly dip is resumed at a short distance beyond it.
The belt including the Strickhouser, Knotwell's and York
Iron Company's ore, distant about one mile, furnishes the next
synclinal. The dip upon its north-western side is east 8° south
— 66° near Knotwell's ore shaft, while the main body of the
slates in Strickhouser's ravine are vertical.* Two synclinals
* In projecting the Knotwell & Strickhouser outcrops upon the line of section, the plan of
locating them at the intersections of perpendiculars to the section line drawn through
each outcrop was deemed unsate, owing to the remoteness of the exposures and the sensible
deviation of the strike from such perpendiculars. The strike line at the two ore pits was
considered a safer guide, but yet could not be taken without modification, because there is
evidently a curve in the strike lines near this point. This was hypothetioally allowed for,
but not with sufficient accuracy to enable one to form an exact idea of the breadth of the
synclinal whose separate limbs they represent, nor of the real mass of measures which
interpose between them and the shortly succeeding north-west dips which occur very close to
ova imaginary line.
7-C.
98 C. p. FBAZEB, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874.
follow in the neict mile, which brings us to the limestone quarry
of Mr. Zigler. The limestone is quite thinly laminated and
light blue in color, and resembles that of Feigley and Brillhart.
Its occurrence here, as well as this resemblance and the consid-
erations associated with its Logansville counterpart, might seem
to imply that it belongs to these older schists, but its dip differs
in so marked a manner from the schists on both sides of it that
it may be an isolated patch of the York limestone which has
escaped denudation, and it is so represented.
Within the next three-quarters of a mile, or between the (
Hanover Junction and the outcrop of schist just south of Zig-
ler's quarry, there is but one exposure and dip, and consequently
no continuation of the structure over this region is at present
possible.
About fourteen hundred feet south of Hanover Junction there
appears to be an anticlinal axi^, and at four thousand feet a
synclinal axis whose southern limb rises through Seitzville
Station. A little less than a mile and a quarter from Hanover
Junction near the station of Seitzville a calcareous impregna- i
tion, accompanied by geodes of crystallized calcite is observed.
There are indications of three anticlinals and three synclinals
between Seitzville and Glen Rock.
It is not difficult to construct a curve which will agree with
the observed dips and connect together the calcareous impreg-
nations at these two points. This is indicated in the sec-
tion. At Glen Rock, is a breadth of over 1,000 feet of slates
impregnated with carbonate of lime and containing small in-
closures of crystallized calcite throughout its mass. A mile and
a quarter further down the line, reaches the southerly or upward
sloping side of a synclinal (?), whose northern side possibly
furnished the calcareous deposit near Glen Bock, and here,
in addition to a general saturation of slates with carbonate of
lime, large and numerous veins of calcite occur. From here to
the end of the section, south of Shrewsbury, the dips are simi-
lar. Two-thirds of a mile from the last^mentioned calcareous
slate, occurs the " Help bank," the pre from which contains,
like the neighboring rock, over ten per cent, of carbonate of
lime.
The breadth of this calcareous outcrop here is over half a
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DESCRIPTION OF CROSS SECTIONS. C. 99
mile. Just south of the ore and beneath it, is an outcrop of
much weathered gneissoid rock, containing countless pits, for-
merly filled with pyrite and now ferric hydrate.
About seven-eighths of a mile further south, at Shrewsbury
station, in the beer-vault excavated in the side of the hill, the
rocks are distinctly gneissoid. From there to the Maryland line,
they gradually lose their crypto-crystalline and glistening char-
acter, and become a true coarse mica and gneissoid chlorite
schists and slates, the thickness of the bedding being variable.
A point of considerable geological interest is situated a little
more than a mile south-west of the portion of this section line
first described. It consists of a contact of limestone and slates
in a large quarry, situated on the line of the Hanover and
York Short Line railroad, and about one-third of a mile south-
west of Spring Forge station, A cut of 150 feet through slate
and limestone opens into a large excavation, the two vertical
walls of which make an oblique angle with each other and
with the railroad, the latter running through the quarry a
distance of about 300 feet.
On the extreme south-east end of the hill, at the point pene-
trated by the railroad cutting, the crystalline schists dip east
30® south — 62®. Whereas the limestone strata as seen from the
interior of the quarry are nearly horizontal, but exhibit a slight
roll from north 10® west to south 10® east, about 4®.
The occurrence of calcareous slates and calcite at Seitzville^
Glen Eock and Shrewsbury, on the lower part of this section
line, is very instructive. Here the calcite is in many cases
clearly interbedded in the chlorite schists; contains them
within itself and is contained by them. That the position of
these limestones in the series is below the York limestone, there
can be scarcely a doubt.
Description of Section 3a.
This section follows a line south 84®30' east from the Sprenkle
ore opening, on the slope of the Pigeon hills, to Bachman Val-
ley Junction, four and a half miles.
Commencing here, the line crosses the northern edge of the
limestone belt with a dip of south 50® east — 2SP, About ob4-.
100 C. p. FRAZER, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874.
fourth of a mile further on, the outcrop from the Sprenkle
quarry crosses the line dipping north 35° west — 48°.
Immediately succeeding this dip, there occurs the line of the
Sprenkle ore. This limestone is overlaid by an argillite resem-
bling those found among the schists, although argillites are not
distinctive of any particular age or formation. A " bastard ^
limestone " is found in the ore shaft on the Sprenkle property,
of about a foot in thickness. It will be seen from the special
map that the belt of York limestone in the vicinity of the Spren-
kle mine has reached its narrowest point and cannot be more v
than a quarter of a mile in breadth, as it is here very much en- r
croached upon by the Pigeon hills. The only outcrops on which
are based the theory of its continuity are the exposure in this
quarry, and that in the bluff at Oil creek, where the crystalline
rocks show in a railroad cutting in contact with it. The lime-
stone dips south 30° east — 69°, and the schists east 30° south
— 78°. The latter show also two planes of cleavage, viz:
east— 60°, and west 10° south — 45° respectively. Continu-
ing the line past the Sprenkle ore line and across the creek about
three-quarters of a mile, schists occur dipping south 32° east —
60°. The recorded dips are too few to enable the structure to
be drawn in with even a show of probability.
The last dip is in schists north 45° west — 60° about halt
:a mile below the position of Bachman Valley Junction,
The most interesting part of this section consists in the
line of uncomformable contact between slates and limestones at
the north-western extremity.
There appears to be a general north-west dip in the ore
shaft nearest the railroad, and if so, this may be caused by a
roll of measures which carries the limestone exposed to the
north-west above the line of present surface, allowing the lower
ferriferous slates to appear.
There seems to be clearly non-conformability between the
limestone and slate in the railroad cutting since the difference
between the two both in dip and strike is considerable.
Description of Section 4.
•Diis section runs south 85° east, from a point on the Abbots-
^)im road five ftu4 two-third miles west of north of Hanover
>
, •
DBSCBIPTION OF CROSS SECTIONS. C. 101
to one-half mile south-west of the Hofacker bank ; ten miles.
The Mesozoic sandstone dips normally here north 20° west — 20°.
A few hundred feet on the line from the I^ew Bed sandstone
the projections of various limestone quarries give conflicting
dips. (Henry Meyers', south 25° west — 40°; Henry Bit-
tinger's, south 20° west— 36°, south— 60°, and south 10° east—
40° ; Samuel Wolfs, south 45° west — 75°, and another, south
45° east— 40°).
From this it is apparent that this part of the line of contact
between the formations, like that west and north of York, was
the seat of much disturbance. The prevailing dip on the line
. is south-east, and moderate, for a little over one and one-half
miles, where a dip of south 45° east — 60°, seems to mark the
ascending limb of a folded synclinal, which sinks again half
a mile further on, with a dip of south 45° west — 28°. For the
next one and one-third miles no dips are available ; then the
strike of limestone east 23° north (with south-east dip) occurs,
immediately before the projection of the Kauffman and Eckert
ore belt on this line, and the succession of schists. This ore
dips, with its including decayed slates, south 82° east — 50°.
The succeeding structure of the schists seems to be a syncli-
nal trough one and five-eighths miles in breadth, to the north
limb of the succeeding anticlinal, but it cannot be reproduced
from the facts now at hand.
A fliird of a mile on the line south-east of the Kauffman and
•Eck^ ore range, yellowish slates occur dipping south 45° east
— 65°. But few dips were obtained in the remaining five and
one-tenth miles of the section.
At 6,500 feet from the crossing of the Eckert and Kauffman
ore occurs the limestone mixed with chloritic schists at Alli-
son's mill, with a dip of about south 75°.
Two thousand feet further on the line, is the projection of the
Hofacker ore, with a dip of south 70° east — 50°, and 600 feet
further on the line, the hydro-mica slates from Benade's quarry
dipping south 80° east— 76°.
The significance of the occurrence of this limestone has been
mentioned before. In appearance it is of a dull earthy appear-
ance and buff color, and both contains, and is contained within,
the schists.
102 C. p. FBAZEB, JR., KEPOBT OF PROGRESS, 1874.
Description of Section ^.
This section passes south 35^ east through the town of Han-
over. One and a-half miles north by west of the town a dip
in limestone gives south 40® east — 24®. Immediately west of
the town a dyke of trap occurs, which seems to strike a little
west of north.
A little more than half a mile south 85® east from the centre
of the town, on this line, an outcrop of limestone occurs, dip-
ping south 23® east, strength uncertain.
Three-fourths of a mile further on the line, the Forney- ^
Delone ore occurs, dipping about south-east — 35®. The next dip,
five-eighths of a mile distant, is of a yellowish slate, south 46®
east — 55®.
From this point there is an hiatus for a little more than three
and one-eighth miles, when the slates dip vertically. All these
slates are more or less chloritic.
Nearly three-fourths of a mile from this, they dip north 55®
west — 72® ; and, one-fourth mile further on, are vertical with
nearly the same strike (i. e. north 45® east).
The last dip, obtained a little less than a mile from the last
locality, is in chlorite slates and with the same dip.
The covering of soil is too great to permit the structure to
be accurately ascertained.
The trap reported at the commencement of this section is in
all probability continuous with a dyke which occurs one mile
east of Union mills, and again the same distance west of Fri:s-
zeltown, and again about a mile east of TJniontown, Carroll
county, Maryland. The course would be about south south-
west, and its distance from Hanover, at the last mentioned
place, about sixteen miles.
Description of Section 5.
This short section passes south 87®30' east, through Littles-
town, Adams county.
One and one-eighth miles north 37®80' west of the centre of
the town, the New Red sandstone dips west 15® north, 80®.
Passing south-eastwardly over half a mile of similar out-
crops, limestone appears dipping south — 80®. A dyke of trap
here intersects the line followed by another limestone exposure. *
^
DESCRIPTION OF CROSS SECTIONS,
C. 103
of south— 80°. The dyke strikes about north 20° east. This
limestone, five-eighths of a mile further south-east, and near
the centre of the town, is succeeded by sandy slates dipping
south 85° east — 60°. A little less thas three-fourths of a mile in
continuation of this section is an exposure of slate dipping
south 25° east- 60°.
While the number of the flexures is not indicated in the
section, the latter supports by its evidence : first, the non-con-
formability of the Mesozoic sandstone, which lies on the up-
turned edges of the York limestone; and second, the non-
conformability of the limestone and crystalline schists, the lat-
ter both by direction and strength of dip.
Description of Section 5a.
This short sub-section which it was intended at first to
merge into section 5, will illustrate the condition of the series
of I^ew Bed sandstone, limestone and schists at their contact.
The line runs like that of section 5, north 87° 80' west and
south 87° 80' east, and distant from it three-fourths of a mile.
The first recorded dip on this line is one in the Mesozoic sand-
stone, one and five-eighths of a mile south-west of Littlestown.
The dip is north 55° west — ^18°. A little less than half a mile
from this, is the outcrop of slaty limestone, south 35° east — 54°.
Immediately following, are schists dipping east 80° south (the
* strength undetermined). One-fourth of a mile further on, the
same schists appear dipping east 80° south.
The change of direction of dip of the limestone from that of
the latter, indicates a non-conformability between them, as
clearly as a marked difierence of strength could do it.
104 C. I\ FRAZER, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874.
CHAPTER HL
Hemarks on some of the Hocks of the York District
Hydro-Mica Slates and Schists.
. In his section along the Susquehanna river from Wrightsville
to Havre de Grace, H. D. Rogers conceives the altered Primal
slates south of Wrightsville, to be succeeded by the Auroral
limestone, "imbedding takose slate with segregated quartz."
These slates, which have received the name "talcose," very
generally through this country in the earlier explorations, are
of gray, brown or bluish color and exhibit under the magnify-
ing glass, along with a heterogeneous and unresolved slaty )
matrix, a vast number of small glistening scales, usually curved
and very minute. Sometimes these scales assume a size suffi-
cient to give a coarse schistose character to the rock. Its eftect
on the sense of touch is unctuous, and the lustre is pearly.
Under a low power of the microscope these properties do not
vary.
A specimen of this slate from Smmnit cut. Peach Bottom
railroad, (containing, however, a little more iron than usual,)
was analyzed under the direction of Dr. Genth, by Mr. Alfred
Pearce, and was as follows :
Per cent.
Silicic oxide, 53.00
Alumina, 33.84
Ferric oxide, 7.05
Magnesia, 0.83
Lime, 0.55
Soda, 1.40
. Potash, 2.50
Ignition, .--."-. 1.85
Sum, 101.02
Excess, 1.02
t
DSSCBIPTION OF BOCKS.
C. 105
A fine grained argillitic variety of these schists from the
neighborhood of Seven Valley station, (Smyser's station,) North-
ern Central railroad, under about 250 diameters and between
crossed Nicols' prisms, revealed points of magnetic oxide sur-
rounded by stains of ferric hydrate, scattered over a field made
up in great part of small columnar fragments of an amphotero-
lite and minute scales and grains. Some of the latter exhibit a
brilliant play of colors in polarized light, and are probably frag-
ments of one of the micas. The entire mass seems to be cov-
ered by a maze of fine lines, indicating the edges of folise.
An analysis by Mr. John H. Campbell showed
F»r oent.
Silica,
Alumina, -
Ferric oxide,
Magnesia, -
Soda,
Potash,
Water,
Sum, -
Undetermined and loss,
Total,
56.50
25.82
6.18
2.68
1.42
2.83
8.75
99.13
0.87
100.00
Both these analyses tend to support the view that the min-
eral or minerals which give the unctuous feel and pearly lustre
to the schists belong to the Hisingerite group of the Margaro-
phyllite section of hydrous silicates (Dana's system.) The
somewhat higher percentage of ferric oxide, in that from Sum-
mit Cut, was due to local cause, and not to any change in the
general constitution of the rock.
A series of analyses of ^^ damourite bearing slates" (one from
Peach Bottom, York county, and four from Lehigh county) is
given on page 126 of Dr. Genth's preliminary report on the
mineralogy of Pennsylvania for 1875. In comparing- these lat
ter results with those just given, it will be observed that the
Lehigh county specimens contain less iron and soda, and more
potash, than those given above, yet there is an undoubted je-
semblance between the two sets.
106 C. p. FRAZER, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 18 74,
Chloriiic MocL
Next to the hydro-mica schists of this belt of rocks, the
largest portion are made up of- chloritic slates, which occur in
every variety, and mixed with the others in all proportions.
These slates occur in large masses at Baer's and Willet's farms
below Littlestown ; at Hofacker's mine, six and a half miles
south-east of Hanover ; and at many points on the line of the
Northern Central railroad, and on the shore of the Susquehanna.
At very many places it is found decayed into a soft clay slate,
sometimes containing limonite, while its harder and more com-
pact varieties are associated with pyrite and chalcopyrite, the
former mineral lying within it in nests and strings of crystals,
in which the individuals are of considerable size, (one-half inch
to three-fourths of an inch.)
A specimen of this rock from "Willet's farm adjoining Baer's,
about four miles south by east of Littlestown, was analyzed by
Dr. Genth, who says, in a note, " the purest contained 5.26 per
cent of quartz, which were deducted, and the remainder gave."
rer cent.
Bstlo
Silicic oxide, -
22.46
11.66
Alumina,
22.83 I
2.84 I
11.51
Ferric oxide, -
Ferrous oxide.
36.70 )
Manganous oxide, -
0.10 V
10.40
Magnesia,
6.11 )
"Water, - ». - ■
9.94
i
>
99.98
He adds: "This is the most basic chlorite mineral, more so
even than Thuringite, which it resembles."
The composition of this rock is interesting, not only on ac- 1
count of its basicity, but also because a proper knowledge of it ^
is necessary to that of the formation of which under different
appearances it constitutes so large a part. It resembles Thur-
ingite in its percentage of silica more closely than it does any
other mineral in the chloritoid group, but its alumina is too
high, its ferric oxide" too low, and both its sesquioxides, reck-
oned together, much below that of Thuringite.
The Help and Young ores are also in appearance compara
DESCRIPTION OF ROCKS. C. 107
tively compact chlorites, but already much altered by surface
action, as the analysis shows.
They are impregnations and alterations of iron compounds
in chloritic rocks which in some cases appear more or Icrs
gneissoid.
A large amount of the rock known as the Help ore was col-
lected and forwarded to Hkrrisburg, where it was sampled and
analyzed. The results will be found on another page. This
ore contains (for equal weights of the rocks) 20 -per cent less
of the oxides of iron than the chloritic mineral just mentioned
as occurring on Willet's farm. Besides Menaccanite it also con-
tains Calcite and a small quantity of phosphorus.
As in Willet's rock so also in that of the Help & Young pro-
perties, the silicic oxide is not all combined, but exists in grains,
and as a cement in places between the other minerals.
liipidolite.
A specimen of ripidolite from an unknown locality in or near
Peach Bottom township, York county, sent to the Survey by
Mr. Keech, and marked No. 1 in the catalogue, exhibits a great
number of plates of the mineral, much foliated and twisted.
Under the microscope, and with an enlargement of 255 diame-
ters, very minute contorted plates are seen in those parts of the
field where the ordinary green ripidolite has been replaced by
the rose colored variety (Kotschubeite (?) ). Throughout the
mass of the Bection axe seen numerous very fine parallel lines,
which are the edges of the fine plates exposed in grinding it.
Grains of free quartz are also apparent.
Quartzite.
This rock is represented in York county by the rocks in place
two miles north of Wrightsville ; detached portions of rock on
the summits of the range of hills from York to the Susque-
hanna ; on Shunk's hill, just south of York ; on the Pigeon
hills, three miles north of Ilanovei', and on parts of the South
mountain, (the latter, being its most prominent exhibition in
Adams county.) It is a very fine grained and compact
rock, exhibiting, generally, heavy bedding and joints of cleav-
age, the latter frequently rendering its structure difficult to re-
present, owing to the confusion arising from the numerous
108 C. p. FRAZER, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874.
surface planes. Its prevailing color is flesh red or wine yellow,
but it ifi sometimes beautifully white. An analysis of the
Chiques rock made by Mr. M'Creath, shows :
Per cent.
Silicic oxide, 97.100
Ferric oxide, - - - - . 1.250
Alumina, 1.390
Lime, 0.179
Magnesia, 0.129
•100.148 ^
Excess, ... - . 0.148
The material which forms this rock is perhaps mainly de-
rived from the very numerous and large veins of quartz which
everywhere intersect the underlying slates.
A quartzite from Geo. Keller's farm, through which mag-
netic crystals were disseminated, is very compact, and the grains
seem to have been so cemented together that even under a high
power of the microscope, their lines of separation are not dis-
tinctly visible. * >
Patches of limonite in small and very irregular fotms, inter-
sect the mass of the rock, while in polarized light separate sys-
tems of concentric colored rings mark each original quartz frag-
ment.
QuaHz Slates.
Besides the pure quartzite just mentioned, are slates which
contain more or less pure quartz.
A specimen taken from near Kneedler's mill, Peach Bottom
railroad, was sliced and examined under the microscope, under
an enlargement of 460 diameters.
It exhibits a clear matrix in which both angular breccia and
rounded grains of quartz are imbedded, and besides this two f
separate silicates and small grains of magnetite.
One of these silicates lies in flat irregular plates in the color-
less matrix. It is of light yellowish brown color, shows dis-
tinct cleavage in one direction and indistinct cleavage in an-
other oblique to the first. It is dichoric.
The other silicate possesses vitreous lustre and elongate gran-
ular structure, resembling a string of beads laid down in haste.
It has a deep, rich chestnut brown color, and resembles garnet.
DESCRIPTION OP BOCKS. 0. 109
Between crossea Nicols' prisms, the composite eharflcter of
much of the slate that without them would be taken for th e
matrix is distinctly visible, the separate pieces resembling mo-
saic work. A partial analysis reveals :
Per cent.
Water, 2.360
Potash, 1.050
Soda, 0.780
And a decided trace of lithia. Dr. Genth adds : " * * *
taking the potash as belonging to damourite, we would have
nearly nine per cent of it, (i. e. of the damourite,) and the soda,
to paragonite, there would be 9.6 per cent."
It seems best for the present at leaat, to omit giving here spe-
cific names to the minute constituents of these slates, for the
reason that their character changes in the same specimen, when
different portions are exposed to slightly different external con-
ditions. All that can be safely predicated of them is, that they
are hydro-micas, but whether margarodite, damourite, &c., it is
often impossible to say. The separation of the potash from
the soda, and consequent production of two of these hydro-mica
species in the same rock, seems a somewhat bold assumption.
Indeed, this mineral might be Euphylllte or (if part of the po-
tassium be replaced by sodium) (Ellacherite, or (in view of the
lithia) Cooke ite equally as well.
Until a sufficient quantity of these minute flakes of mica is
separated under the microscope, to enable a chemical analysis
to be made of them, it seems more judicious to give them the
more general name of " hydro-mica."
Gneissoid.
A ferruginous gneissoid mica schist, containing magnetic
grains sparsely distributed through it, occurs near Shrewsbury
station, Northern Central railroad. It passes into chlorite slate
both to the north and to the south. Three sections of this rock,
under the microscope (400 diameters) reveal a rough and color-
less matrix, in which are imbedded small plates of mica and
grains of quartz, with irregularly shaped grains of magnetite,
surrounding each of which is a cloud of brownish glass, appa-
rently stained with ferric hydrate.
110 C. p. FRAZER, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874.
Limestones.
The limestones of this district are ot several difterent kinds,
(to judge by their outward appearance, for no systematic chem-
ical investigation of them has been undertaken.) One kind is
a dark blue, frequently slaty, variety, which is not seldom com-
pact and tenacious. Its weathering is often unlike that of lime-
stones generally, in that it presents compact rounded knobs to
the eye instead of the fractured and honeycombed appearance
which usually distinguishes this rock, where much exposed to
atmospheric decay. This variety is usually characterized by i
seams and streaks of white crystalline limestone, and is some-
times capable of receiving a polish. Further, the dark color
of the rock, whether or not due to particles of animal carbon,
seems to have some connection with its history, for there are
belts of country in which it is more generally observed, and
lines over which the transition from the dark to the light lime-
stone is abrupt.
Ddomitie Limestones.
A number of these limestones have been examined under >
various powers of the microscope, (up to 450 diameters,) but no
certain indications of organic remains were observed.
A striped limestone, occurring one-half mile north-west of
Wrightsvillc, was analyzed by Mr. L. de L. Moss, in Dr. Qenth's
laboratory, and found to contain :
Silicic oxide, - - •
Alumina, - . . .
Ferrous oxide,
^ Magnesia, , -
Magnesium carbonate, -
Carbonic acid.
Calcium carbonate, - - 66.79 '
Lime,
Both carbonates
Impurities, - . -
100.00
This dolomite approaches most nearly in its composition a
Per cent.
Ferce]i\
0.80
2.07
0.37
15.51
nearly.
31.46
45.80
nearly^
66.79
87.44
100.99
•
98.25
1.75
DESCRIPTION OP BOOKS.
a 111
dolomite from Sorrento, analyzed by Abich, and placed by Dana
among those whose molecular ratio of calcium carbonate to
magnesium carbonate is approximatively 3 : 2.
An impure buff colored limestone, from Smyser's bank, ana-
lyzed by Mr. Salom, showed:
Per cent.
Per cent.
Silicic oxide -
12.15
Alumina,
3.75
Ferrous oxide.
1.17
Magnesia, - - -
15.54
Magnesium carbonate, -
Carbonic acid,
32.63 nearly.
38.70
Calcium carbonate.
Lime, - - - -
51.07 nearly.
28.60
Sum,
99.91
Both carbonates, . - - - 83.700
Impurities, - - - - - 16.300
In neither of these analyses is there carbonic acid enough to
combine with all the lime and magnesia. Were it not that the
ferrous oxide has been neglected in computing the relative
amounts of the two carbonates, the deficiency of carbonic acid
in the second of these would be still more conspicuous. But
it is very likely that part of the lime and magnesia may be
united to the alumina in the first case, and still more so that
the impurities in the second may exist together in the form of
some amphoterolite, together with free silica.
A dark blue limestone streaked with crystalline white lime-
stone, containing calcite, from Feigley and Brillhart's (Kauff-
mann's) mine was partially analyzed. This rock was exces-
sively sl^ty in appearance, in fact could hardly be distinguished
from the hydro-mica slates which accompany the limestone in
these valleys, when viewed upon a broad face.
The soluble portion (consisting principally of the carbonates
of lime and magnesia) comprised 78.15 per cent, and the in-
soluble portion 21.85 per cent of the rock.
This insoluble portion consists as follows
112 C. p. FBAZER, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874.
Per cent.
Silicic oxide, 62.50
Alumina - . - - . 20.16
Ferric oxide, 4.17
Soda, 2.15
Potash, 2.59
Ignition, 4.87
Pyrite,&c., 3.46
Dr. Genth adds :
" The soluble portion consists of about 80 per cent of carbo-
nate of lime ; about 8 per cent of carbonate of magnesia ; 2 per
cent carbonate of iron, and small quantities of silicic oxide,
alumina, &c."
If, as there is some reason to believe, this limestone belongs
to the rocks older than the Auroral, its smaller percentage of
magnesian carbonate would be in accordance with the theory
of Dr. Hunt, as to the laws of succession of these limestones,
while the potash and soda would find a ready explanation in
intercalated hydi'O-paica (damourite (? ) ) slate.
Four limestones were submitted to Mr. McCreath for partial
analysis, as follows :
No. 1. From the bottom of McWilliams' slope one mile east
of Dillsburg, York county.
No. 2. Opposite Allison's mill, near Xenia P. 0., York county.
No. 8. From shaft No. 5, three-quarters of a mile east from
Mont Alto furnace.
No. 4. Half mile south of Seitzland in cutting of Northern
Central B. B.
Per oentage.
Calcicum OarboDate
Magnesium carbonate
Metalliciron
Insoluble silicious residue
Sum
Oxygen and Loss.
Total
No. 1.
73.18
4.87
0.52
21.50
99.57
0.43
No. 2.
62.35
6.32
6.27
20.06
94.00
6.00
100
100
No. 8.
No. 4.
77.89
2.83
1.38
15.89
93.87
0.96
0.30
4.30
97.94
99.43
2.06
6.57
^
f
\
100
100
'vmtm
•
i
^
»
DESCRIPTION OF ROCKS. 0. US
No. 2 is reported by Mr. McCreath to contain a considerable
percentage of Manganese.
No. 1 is a calcareous mass belonging in all probability to the
base of the Mesozoic series. It is tinged green from the chloritic
sands of the older schists on which it rests and is throuorhout
decidedly crystalline.
The others, in all probability, belong to the old crystalline
schist formation.
On comparing the analyses Nos. 2, 3, and 4, with those of
the York limestone previously given, a striking difference in
their respective percentages of magnesium carbonate will be ob-
served. Thus :
Xjlmestones. For cent. Magnesium carbonate.
Allison's Mill, .... 6.32
Feigley's Bank limestone, - - 6.25
Shaft No. 5, Mount Alto, - - 2.83
Near Seitzland K C. R. R., - - 0.96
York limestone in "Wrightsville, - 31.46
From Smyser's Bank, - - 32.63
The first four seem to be clearly identified with the crystalline
fschists and the latter to represent the great limestone belt which
crosses over £pom Lancaster, and is identifiable with that of the
" great valley."
The close correspondence of the first two is especially interest-
ing in view of the fact that they occur on the same general strike,
though about twelve and a half miles apart. The Seitzland
specimen is not very far from the middle of a line joining these
two.
One point must be borne in mind in reading the results of the
analysis of the Allison's mill limestone. The specimen obtained
was an earthy rock which in places had crumbled into streaks
of brick-red color where its ferrous carbonate had been decom-
posed. It was almost impossible to separate this impurity from
the remainder, and it was not attempted.
The results, therefore, may be taken to represent a " bausch "
analysis of an already partially altered rock.
It will scarcely be necessary to mention that this fact in-
creases the iron of No. 2 abnormally.
Other varieties of limestone are : a buff-colored arenaceous
8— c.
114 C. P. FBAZER, JB.y REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874.
rock, and a Baocharoidal (frequently pinkish) limestone the
latter generally in the vicinity of trap dykes.
CHERT.
A specimen of chert taken from Smyser's bank, about three
and a half miles north north-east of York, exhibits under the
microscope vermiform markings of an exceedingly fine-grained
matrix in which are imbedded minute columns of a colored
mineral resembling hornblende and fine opaque specks which are
possibly magnetic oxide. The main mass is of quartz in a state
of indefinitely small subdivision. l]
An analysis of this rock by Mr. John H. Campbell, under the
direction of Dr. Genth gives :
Per cent.
Silica, .... 92.85
Alumina, . : . . 3,90
Ferric Oxide, ... trace.
Magnesia, .... 1,35
Water, .... 1.25
Sum, .... 99.35
Loss, ... 0.65
Total, - - 100.00
There are occasional patches visible in the field of the micro-
scope which resemble the iron stain around the magnetic grains
in many traps.
ROCKS.
Asbestiform.
An asbestus of short fibre occurs near Harman's bladosmith
shop, Warrington township, York county, in coarse-grained
granitic syenite (?) The feldspar of this rock seemed to be pegma-
toliteand occasionally fine specimens of pyramidal quartz one-
eighth to one-third of an inch in height, appear among the other
constituents. The hornblende (?) is dark green and split up into
fine fibres, sometimes an inch in length which are frequently
leached white and converted into stellate bunches of asbestus.*
A similar rock is seen about a mile from Mr. D. Altland's
house.*
)
^Thli rock will be more oloMly Invettigated in the report for 1876.
DESCRIPTION OP ROCKS. C. 115
A chloritic mineral (Prasilite ?) nearS. Hess's house in Spring-
field township, York county, is decomposed into fine fibres like
those of true asbestus.
Near Glatz's ferry, ^ Ilellam township, York county, is a
whitish sandy mass, showing in some cases fibrous stracture^
and also probably derived from the weathering of a similar rock.
CLAYS.
A sandy kaoliuized slate from near Glatz's ferry, shows under
the microscope in an ill-defined matrix stained in places with
oxide of iron, hexagonal plates and small prisms of quartz as-
sociated together in bunches.
The analysis by Mr. Pedro G. Salom, and a partial one by
Mr. John H. Campbell showed :
Salom. Campbell.
Silica, - - 79.70 79.65
Alumina, - - . 12.38 11.56
Ferric Oxide, - 1.57 1.59
Magnesia, - - 1.26 1.06
Soda, - - - 0.21, *
Potash, - . - 1.41 *
Water, - ' - - 3.10 8.25
Sum, - - 99.63 97.11
TJndertcrmined and loss, .37 2.89
Total, - 100.00 100.00
It is well known that the sodium and calcium feldspars are
more decomposable than the potassium feldspars ; and if this be
generally true of silicates of the former elements as compared
with potassium silicate, in whatever form the potash may have
been combined in the minerals, which by their decomposition
gave rise to the clay, analyses of these residues can throw very
little light on the true character of the minerals from which
they were derived.
ON THE TRAPS OF THE MESOZOIO SANDSTONE IN YORK AND ADAMS
COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA.
Chemical Properties.
All igneoufl rocks consist principally of mixtures of some
kind of feldspar (or ISTepheline or Leucite) with pyroxene, horn-
* Not determined.
116 C. p. FRAZEB, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874.
blende, mica or quartz, and generally with some magnetite and
other subordinate minerals. All these again may be divided
into those poor in Silica or Basic, or those rich in Silica or
Acidic*
The average compositions of these two kinds of igneous rocks
are:
BASIC.
ACIDIC.
Per cent Average.
Per Mnt.
Average.
Silica,
45-60
52
65-80
67
Alumina,
10-25
17
10-15
12
Ferrous oxide, )
Ferric oxide, )
1-25
13
1-15
8
1
Lime,
1-15
8
0-8
4
Magnesia,
1-12
7
0-4
2
Potash, -
1-9
5
1-11
e
Soda, -
1-7
4
2-8
5
Water, -
0-4
2
0-6
8
Taking these ideal average percentages of the constituent
compounds of these two classes of rocks, throwing them into
a more convenient form and neglecting small fractions, we
have :
>
BASIC.
I'l
Per cent.
Oxygen.
Oxygen ratio.
"Silicon
- 24.96
27.0
27
Aluminum,
9.00
■ 8.0
\ "
Iron from FcaOj say.
- 4.5
2.0
Iron from FeO say, -
- 5.0
1.5 •
<3alcium,
5.7
2.8
Magnesium,
- 4.8
2.7
10
Potassium, -
4.1
0.8
<Ai V
Sodium, - - -
- 2.9
1.0
Hydrogen, -
0.2
1.8
Total oxygen,
-
47.1
•
• Bocks Olasalfled and Described, by D. v. Ootta. Translated by H. Lawrence. London.
Xiongmans, Oreen h Co., 18M.
DESCRIPTION OP ROCKS.
C. 117
Of -course it is understood that these figures represent no
combinations of elements actually possible, and that the ratio
of the Oxygen of the Silica to that of the protoxide and sesqui-
oxide bases is only approximative to that of a mixture of min-
erals representing a mean of the highest and lowest percentages
of those elements which are more commonly found in Basic ig-
neous rocks.
The same remark applies equally to the next following
class :
ACIDIC
■
Por cent.
Oxygen. Oxygen rat
Silicon, - . -
82.16
84.84 34.84
Aluminum,
6.88
S \ '■'>'
Iron from FejOj say,
2.80
Iron from FeO, say.
S.08
0.92"
Calcium, - . -
2.86
1.14
Magnesium, - ' -
Potassium, - - -
1.22
8.24
0.88
2.76
- 9.67
Sodium, - - . .
3.70
1.30
Hydrogen, - - -
0.33
2.67,
Oxygen.
51.33
Bunsen's* classes were as follows
\
Silica,
Alumina,
Ferric oxide.
Lime,
Magnesia,
Soda,
Potash,
Total, -
Pyroxenio.
TnohytlOk
48.47
76.67
80.16
14.23
11.87
1.44
6.89
0.28
1.96
3.20
0.65
4.18
100.00 100.00
• Fogg. Ann^ 18S1, Vol. LZZZIII.
118 C. p. FRAZEB, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874.
Bringing them into the same form as the above we have ;
PYROXENIC.
Per oent. Oxygen. Oicjgen ratio.
Silicon, - - • 23.26
Alaminuin(sayl5p.c Al^O,), 7.95
Iron (say 15.16 p.c. FejO,), 10.61
Calcium, - - - 8.47
Magnesium, - • 4.22
So4ium, - - - 1.45
Potassium, - • 0.54
Oxygen,
25.21
7.05
4.55
8.40^
2.67
0.51
0.11
4a.50
I
25.21
11.60
6.69
Total acid and basic
radicals, - 56.48
TRACHYTIC.
Per oent.
Silicon, - - - 86.80
Aluminum (say 7 p.c. AlaOj) 8.71
Iron (say 7.23 Yefiz), - 6.06
Calcium, - . - 1.03
Magnesium, - - 0.11
Sodium, - - ' 2.87
Potassium, - - 3.47
Oxygen,
Oxygen. Oxygen ratio.
39.87 89.87
3.28)
2.17)
0.41"!
0.111
0.88
0.71
47.38
5.45
2.06
Total acid and basic
radicals, - 52.61
In the Journal of Science and Arts, Vol. IX, March, 1875, ia
a paper by Mr. Geo. W. Hawes, on the Trap Rocks of the Con-
necticut Valley, in which a number of closely accordant
analyses of Dolerites are given, the specimen being selected from
various localities in the Mesozoic Sandstone Belt of that State.
A Dolerite taken from a dyke known as West Rock, and
standing west of New Haven, gave to Mr. Hawes the following
results, which have been embodied in the form of the preceding
hypothetical compositions.
DBS0BIPII017 OF BOCKS.
C. 119
ANALYSIS It OF WEST BOCK.
Per cent.
OzygezL
Ozygm ratio.
Silicon, ...
24.86
26.94
27.02
Phosphorus, ...
0.06
0.08!
Aluminum.
7.65
6.65]
. 7.72
Iron (from PojOs), -
2.48
1.07 J
Iron (from FeO),
6.86
1.90'
«
Manganese (from MnO),
0.82
0.10
Oalcium,
7.68
8.00
- 8.68
Magnesium^
4.67
2.96
Sodium,
1.69
0.66
Potassium,
- 0.82
0.06,
Ignition,
.0.68
Oxygen, - - - -
43.82
Acid and basic rad-
icals, • -
66.42
On- comparing this analysis with the hypothetical composi-
tion of Cotta's Basic Igneous Bock, it will be observed that the
Silicon (including under this head the small per cent, of
P. present in West Bock), is almost the same in both, as also is
the percentage of radicals in the protoxide bases, while the per
cent, of Oxygen of both protoxide and sesquioxides, and the per
cent, of the radicals of the sesquioxide bases are somewhat less
in the actual, than in the hypothetical analysis.
In tabular form the proportions would stand as follows :
HYPOTHETICAL BASIC.
}
Silicon,
Oxygen,
Alominum and
Iron (from perozi
Oxygen,
Badicals of protoxide bases,
Oxygen,
}
Igneoiu Book. Wost Book.
2496 24.92
27.00 27.02
18.50 10.03
10.00 7.72
22.20 20.84
10.00 8.68
120 C. p. FRAZER, JR., REPORT OP PROGRESS, 1874.
A mean of 40 'analyses of Labradorite recorded in Dana'»
Mineralogy, is as follows :
Per cent.
Silica, - - .
-
-
53.09
Alumina,
- - -
-
27.96
Ferric oxide.
-
-
1.33
Magnesia,
- - -
-
- 0.93
Lime, . - -
-
-
10.88
Soda, - - . .
-
-
4.09
Potash, - - -
•
-
- 1.08
Water,
.
-
0.84
Total,
-
-
99.39
Or in the simple form :
.•
Per cent.
Oxygen. <
Oxygen ratio.
Silicon, - - -
25.48
27,61
12.61
Aluminum,
- 14.73
12.96
18.36
Iron (from FeaOg),
0.93
. 0.40
Magnesium, -
0.24
0.151
Calcium, - . -
- 7.77
8.11
Sodium,
3.03
1.06
5.26-
Potassium,
0.98
0.19
Hydrogen,
0.09
3.75 J
Mr. Hawes extracted enough crystals of pyroxene from oner
specimen of Connecticut trap to enable him to determine itff
constitution.
It bears the nearest resemblance to an Augite of the Rhone,
analyzed by Klaproth :
•
Si.
Al.
Fe.
11.90
8.40
Mn.
0.63
0.1 R
Ca.
Mg.
Ignition
Alkalies and
Loss.
ft
TotAl.
Connecticut pyroxene
Oxvcren
24.84 1.88
26.371.76
9.53 8.84
3.82 5.29
2.65
56.62
40.82
^^^J o^ • .i.*....*
•
7.80
4.95
Augite (Rhone*)
Oxygen
24,96
27.04
3.06
2.70
8.48
2.54
0.19
0.06
1.00
4.00
4.23
54.4»
41.29^
* Dana*s Min., p. 218, II. 7.
DESCRIPTION OF ROCKS.
C. 121
Assuming tlie pyroxene analyzed by Mr. Hawes to represent
that constituting part of these traps, and assuming furthermore^
the above average of 40 analyses of Labradorite as constituting
the remaining part, we have the following compartive table,
which is calculated by comparing the sum of the percentages of
each element of the two minerals with double the percentage of
the same element in West Rock.
PER CENT.
Labradorite.
Augite.
West Rock.
Elements.
Doable
Equivalent.
Deficient.
In Excess.
Si.
P.
25.48
24.84
49.72
0.12
0.10
0.13
Ala^i
Pe.vi
Pe"&Mn"
Oa.
Na.
K.
;14.78
0.98
7.77
0.24
8.08
0.98
1.88
12.58
9.58
8..84
1.65 (?)
1.00 (?)'
15.10
4.96
18.86
15.16
9 84
8.18
! 0.64
1.51
•2.14
1.50 (?)
1.84 (?)
4.08
0.88
0.76
Of the qonstituents necessary to form a mixture of one mole-
cule of each of the above mentioned minerals, there are in "West
Eock:
CHEMICAL UNITS.
Elements.
Deficient.
In Excess.
Al^vi
PejTt
Fe'' & Mn"
Oa.
Mg.
K.
0.165
•
0.107
0.065
0.084
0.216
Q.080
0.068
Sum.
0.371
0.309
8i.
P.
0.014
0.011
Supposing the basic radicals in excess to replace those de*
122 C. . P. FRAZER, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874.
ficient, there are wanting 0.062 (— 0.28 p. c), and of the acid
mdicals 0.008 units (— 0.018 p. c.) to folfiU the theoretical re-
quirements.
Or, to throw this into a rough practical form susceptible of
easy comparison :
Double EqoiTalent of Constitaents of
West Rock.
Q; 2492X2
01. (P. &o.)
Air
Ac.
10.08X2
Dyad
tfoi
and
tonad
Basic
RadioalSy
20.84X2
1 20.84)
ents of
25.48
24.84
49.82
49.82
15.66
1.88
20.06
117.64
11.80
80.40
41.68
42.20
1 molecttlo Labradorxte.
1 « Augite.
1 molecule Lahradorito.
1 " Augite.
1 molecule Labradorite.
1 «< Augite.
A specimen of Dolerite was taken from Beeler's farm, two
miles south-west of York, York county, Pa., and submitted to Dr.
P. A. Gtenth, for analysis, which is as follows :
«
PER CENT.
Oxygen.
SiHcicacid
PhoBphoric acid
Titanic acid.
Alnmin^ ,, ,,
Ferric oxide
Ferrous oxide
Manganous oxide
Alagnesia
Lime
liithia faintest
Soda
Potash ,
Copper
Sulphur
Ignition. ,
52.53
0.15
0.82
14.35
6.03
5.45
ti*ace
7.99
10.27
trace
1.87
0.92
trace
0.08
1.23
Total 101.04
Excess 104
Silicon 24.51
Phosphorus. . 0.06
Titanium 0.19
Aluminum. . . 7.65»
Iron (from PCaOj) 4.15
Iron (from FeO) 4.23
Manganese. . . ^— -
Magnesium. . 4.79
Calcium 7.33
Lithium
Sodium 1.38
Potassium.... 0.76
Copper
Sulphur 0.08
28
24
^.02)
0.10 \^'
0.12 ■ —
6.70 \ AAQ
1.78 / ^-^^
1.21
8.20
2.94
0.49
0.16 J
8.00
DESCRIPTION OF ROCKS.
0. 128
These constituents in chemical units give:
Silicon, ....
8.500 ^
Titanium, ...
0.015
r S.515
Phosphorus, ...
trace J
Aluminum, - - -
0.884 ^
Iron from sesquioxide)
0.222
Iron from protoxide), -
0.150
Magnesium ...
0.899
2.050
Calcium, - . -
0.866
Sodium, ....
0.060
Potassium, ...
0.019 -
Difference,
1.465
DOLERITE FROM BEELER'S.
Total units in rock.
-
11.180
Chemical units of SL and TL,
.
3.515
" ^ of basic radicals,
2.050
Excess of units of Silicon, &c., 1.465
{Neglecting Sulphur).
Chem. Units.
Total chemical units of oxygen, - 5.565
Excess of units of acid over basic radicals
(=• units of saturating oxygen) 1.465
Linking oxygen,
— 82,80 p. c.
Saturating Oxygen «=• 11.72 p. c.
4.100
Hence the conclusion that 4 p. c. of this rock is Silicon com*
billed as ortho-silicic acid, according to the formula M'4Sy^O"4,
and the remaining 20.51 per cent, exists in the form of the
mono-meta acid, or as M'aSy^CX'g.
The excess of the chemical units of Si. over those of the basic
radicals, will also serve to explain the observation of free Silica
in them, mentioned to me by Mr. Hawes in reference to those
Ct. Traps, which have suffered partial alteration ; and verified
in those from our own State.
It may be added that the reduction of the analysis of these
124 C. P. FRAZER, JR., REPORT OP PROGRESS, 1874.
rocks to a form which gives the measure of chemical force em
ployed in the composition of tiieir constituent minerals, and in
a single unit, i. e., the ratio of the percentage weight by the
equivalence to the atomic weight seems a very convenient one
to employ in discussing the questions here considered.
It is interesting to observe that while the analysis of the
Connecticut Dolerite agrees very well with a mixture of one
molecule of Labradorite to one of Pyroxene, that from Beeler's
farm corresponds even more closely with a mixture of two
molecules of Labradorite to one of Pyroxene. In this table the
same analyses of Labradorite and Pyroxene are used as in the
former case.*
3 molecules of Beeler's
dolerite.
Si.
Al
24.65X8
73.05
Tl 11.81X8
2
35.43
Dyad and ^ 18.45X8
Monad I
Basic j
Radicals, J =
55.35
40.40 (24.7X2; 2 molecules of Labradorite.
24.34 1 ** Pyroxene.
73.74
82.40 (16.2X2) 2 molecules, Labradorite.
1.88 1 molecule, Pyroxene.
84.28
23.60 (11.8X2) 2 molecules, Labradorite.
80.40 1 molecule. Pyroxene.
54.00
OPTICAL PROPERTIES.
Dolerite — coarsely granular— from Cemetery Hill^near Gettysburg j
Adams Co., Pa.
Contains Feldspar, Pyroxene and Magnetite, and some Horn-
blende and rarely Quartz. With a single Nicol's prism, the
blades of Hornblende are fully dichroic. Both that and the
feldspar are speckled and spotted.
Between two Nicol's prisms the Labradorite polarizes through
blue, yellow and lilac ; and the Quartz which is sparingly
present, gives brilliant colors.
In a thick slice examined under the microscope the feldspar
* NoTiL^It Will of conrse be nnderetood that out of the residue of elements not oon*
sidered in these general comparisons, many minerals not only may be, bnt actually are rep-
resented in the rock.
DESCRIPTION OP ROCKS. C. 125
differs from that of the eflually thick slices of other dolerites in
being more transparent and " icy "-looking, resembling Adularia,
while here and there are small grains of a transparent mineral
giving the rainbow colors of quartz.
A Trap from Vincent's Spur, three miles south of .Gettysburg,
examined under a magnifying power of 268.6 diameters, and
with a single Nicol prism, displayed broad transparent white
crystals of labradorite and much fractured dull olive-green
masses of pyroxene containing small and large black specks of
magnetite.
Between two NicoFs prisms, the labradorite gives brilliant
colors. Part of the pyroxene shows changes of color from pink
to greenish but the larger portion shows such changes either
very faintly or not at all.
This behavior is in all probability, due to a decomposition of
the pyroxene to a chloritic mass.
A trap from two miles south of Gettysburg on the Taney-
town road near Cassalt's house exhibits the labradorite and py-
roxene in a fresh state the latter is much cleft and in places
feebly dichroic while in many places rectangular slabs of horn-
blende (recognizable both from their prismatic angle and their
perfect dichroism) protrude from behind the larger masses of
pyroxene or lie separately among the feldspars.
A specimen from Granite Spur or Little Round Top, although
not quite thin enough to examine with advantage presents the
chief features of the preceding.
Some apatite is visible and one curled prism of Prochlorite.
A specimen from Round Top exhibits the same features with
a single Nicol prism as the two preceding. In this slice there
are no crystals which give the characteristic cleavage of horn-
blende, although the fragments exhibiting dichroism are quite
numerous.
A Trap from the east side of Gulp's hill, showed pyroxene and
labradorite, together with much apatite and magnetite. Many
fragments (some of them coarsely stellate) of a wine-yellow
color showed perfect dichroism. No hornblende can be asserted
with certainty.
Another specimen from the east side of Gulp's Hill, shows a
few fragmentary hornblende crystals, which show dichroism
126 C. p. FRAZER) JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874.
with a single Nicol. One of these alsg exhibits a cleavage an-
gle of d: 124^. The iron stains are broadly spread out from th0
magnetite nuclei. Apatite is much less frequent than in the
last. The planes of twinning of the labradorite are prominent.
Dderite from Beeler^s Farm^ two 3Iiles E. of tork^
fine grained.
This slice at 275 diameters and between Kicol's prisms, shows
an agregate of irregular portions of crystals of pyroxene and
Labradorite with the accompanying magnetite. The surfaces I
of the crystals are rough, but they do not seem to be so much
affected by weathering as in that marked Ko. 8.
Dderite {No. S) from Beeler^s Farm^ two Miles W. of York.
The Labradorite and pyroxene of this specimen, under 275
diameters, appear in much the same condition as those of the
slice from the Mumper dolerite. The blades of Labradorite
are twinned and sometimes geniculated ; the two individuals
polarizing alternately light and brown.
Certain parts of this slice are very rich in a fine rod-like
ciystal apparently uniaxial which may be set down with safety
as apatite. A very large number of these little crystals is dis-
tributed throughout the whole mass.
DoUriie from Mumper Shafts one Mile JSL of DiUsburg^ York
Co., Fa.
The thin section (magnified 56.8 diameters) and with one-eighth
inch aperture, exhibits blades of Labradorite very finely and
regularly striated, mixed together with yellowish green masses
of pyroxene irregularly cleft and stippled on the surface like
fish roe and containing magnetite, around which is to be seen a
brownish-yellow stain due to its partial conversion into ferric
hydrate. With appertures of half inch, quarter inch, and
three^ixteenths, the same appearances are manifest, but not so
clearly.
With the parabolic reflector the fragments of magnetite as-
sume a partially metallic lustre.
With one Nicol's prism there is a faint appearance of dichro-
ism in some isolated spots of some of the pyroxene crystals
but in general there is no change.
DESOBIPXION OF ROCKS. C. 127
Between two Nicol's prisms the pyroxene changes from green
to pink (sometimes giving a transient spot of deep purple), and
t£e irregular rifts in its mass are more plainly visible.
The Labradorite changes abruptly along the planes of twin-
ning to light brown and pale greenish-blue from white. The
staiation is very apparent and polarization is usually comple-
.mentary in two or three sections of the single blade.
The magnetite of course remains unchanged.
Between ITicol's prisms and magnified 275 diameters, the
outlines of the constituent crystals of this rock are very sharp,
and the pyroxene in particular shows very brilliant shades of
purple and green.
The cleavage is quite apparent, and the whole rock seems but
little altered.
Dolerite from LogarCs Shafts one Mile E. of DiJMmrg.
This slice resembles the others but is less decomposed and
compounded of finer crystals than they. It exhibits La-
bradorite, pyroxene and magnetite, besides acicular crystals
which appear to be apatite.
Under 275 diameters the Labradorite and pyroKcne have a
rough appearance, as if covered with little bubbles, due
perhaps, to incipient decomposition. A number of small needle-
iike apatite crystals are scattered through the mass.
The greater part of the Labradorite (which is twinned as
usual) lacks sharpness of outline.
Explanation op the Plates.
Plate I.
Fig. 1. This photograph was among the first made with an
T J microscopic objective. A portion of the edge of the section
was included in the field in order that the portion represented
might be more easily recognized and studied under the table-
microscope.
The enlargement is very nearly 84 diameters. The original
is a dolerite (Ko. 8) containing pyroxene (a), magnetite (6),
plagioclase (labradorite) {c\ and some scattered needles of apa-
tite {d).
128 C. p. FRAZER, JR.^ REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874.
The previous description of the dolerite No. 8 from Beeler's
£Ebrm applies to this specimen.
Fig. 2. The negative of this print was made in polarized light
and is another portion of Fig. 1, PL IIL
The object is a specimen of dolerite from Beeler's farm
marked No. 4.
The rock is seen to be a confused mass of crystal fragments
consisting of labradorite (a), pyroxene (6), and magnetite (c).
Plate II.
Fig. 1. This is a dolerite from Logan's, a shaft contiguous to
the Mumper shaft, one mile £. of Dillsburg. Besides exhi-
biting the relations of the light-colored slabs of labradorite to
each other, and the pyroxene which forms a matrix for them,
there are two distinct apatite crystals reproduced in the print.
a. Labradorite.
6. Pyroxene. •
c. Apatite.
Central black spot, Magnetite. J
Fig. 2. Thin section of a dolerite from a shaft on Mumper's
property about one mile N. Dillsburg. The dyke of which this
is a section cuts the ore bed at a short distance beneath the
surface.
In this print there is a labradorite of unusual size, in which
is imbedded a small mass (of pyroxene) (?) which appears* black
in this light. The stiiation of other labradorite crystals and
the outlines of the magnetite crystals may be noticed,
unusually sharp.
a. Labradorite.
h. Pyroxene.
c. Magnetite.
Plate IIL
The figures in this plate were photographs of the same object,
but under diflferent conditions of polarized light. Figs, 1 to 6
inclusive, were photographed in five diflferent positions of the
analyzer. A peculiar crystal of pyroxene which exhibits a
kernel differing in color from the body of^the crystal was
made the guide. The purpose of these experiments was to see
i
ni.
h
i
m.
1
i
pi.ir.
J%^
Fv^
1
v%a
F,ff4.
RgS.
1
\
—
i
t
»f
DESCRIPTION OF ROCKS. C. 129
whether means could not be discovered to discriminate between
the effects of anactinic light and opacity, by the camera alone.
The object was a thin section of a dolerite from Beeler's farm,
two miles W. of York, marked No. 4.
Fia. 1. This pyroxene appears of a light color and with a dark
core, which in turn contains an irregularly formed light-colored
axis. The boundary between this crystal and the magnetite at
its right hand extremity is sharply defined ; and its separation
from a neighboring fragment just below its lower edge is also
evident.
Fig. 2. In this photograph polarizer and analyzer are in the
same phase. The main crystal is still light-colored, but there ia
less definition about the middle part of its dark nucleus, a light
band extending nearly across it at this place. The pyroxene
lying below its lower edge, which was dark in Fig. 1, has now
become light, and the line of division between the two in nearly
obliterated, except at one point where a small magnetite appears
in relief against the light background. The angle of the
analyzer was not determined.
In Fig. 8, the main crystal has become almost entirely black
with a light core. The upper end now blends with the magne-
tite alongside of it, and the pyroxene on the lower side has be-
come sensibly darker, but still leaves the small crystal of mag-
netite apparent. The angle of the analyzer was not deter-
mined.
In Fig. 4, with an angle of ± 135° from the first position,
the appearance is nearly the same as in Fig. 1 ; and in Fig. 5
as in Fig. 8.
In Fig. 6, which was taken in the same position of the ana-
lyzer as Fig. 4, a new condition was introduced, viz. : a thin
plate of selenite was interposed over the slide and between po-
larizer and analyzer. The effect is a general resemblance to
Figs. 1, 2 and 4.
9-C
130 C. p. FBAZEB, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874:-75.
CHAPTER IV.
General liemarks on the Geology^ etc.
Tlie district, including the middle limonite belt of York
county, niay be generally stated to be an area reaching from the
Susquehanna river, on the north-east, to the Maryland line be-
low Littlestown, a distance of 40 miles south-west, and from j
tlie margin of the Xew Red Sandstone, on the north-west, to
Cabin Branch run on the river, and Shrewsbury station on
the Xortliern Central railroa<i.
The greater number of the more valuable ores occur within
the area colored on the old maps to indicate the Auroral lime-
stone of Rogers, or No. II. Tliey do not however apj^ar to be-
long to this formation, but to that upon which it rests.
The measures do not preserve an uniform strike throughout
the entire length of the county, but like all the formations in ^
this part of the State incline towards the south as they ap-
proach Maryland, and to the east as they near the Susquehanna.
The one feature which seems to be most distinctly marked
by the majority of the sections, is the unconformable contact
of the York limestone with the crystalline schists.
This unconformable contact api)ear8 in sections la, 3, 3a, and
6a, in a manner sufficiently striking to decide the case in favor
of this view of the structure. And although the testimony
of sections 2, 2a, 4, and 4a, is not applicable to the question, what
18 known of them is not at all incompatible with this view. But
the difficulty which arises here is, that the very section (Xo. 1)
which was constructed with the greatest care, and which most j
abounds in dips, gives as the uppermost dip of the quartzite
south 20*^ east — i5°, and the closely following dip of the lower
slates south — 45°. Again the upper layers of these slates give
south 15° east — 55°, and the next succeeding dip in limestone
south 10° east — 50°. It is true that, in the first of these contacts,
. there is a difference in direction of dip between the exposures
in the two formations which are nearest together of 20°, but
the very next dip in the slates is south 10° east, which shows
GENERAL REMARKS ON GEOLOGY. C. 131
an abrupt local bend in the line of strike — ^a feature almost
universally prevalent in this region. In the second case there
is a difterence of 5° in strike, and also of .5° in the angle of
dip ; neither of which singly, nor even both together, would
lustify the assumption of non-conformability in a region whose
rocks are everywhere twisted, and their strike lines crushed
into scallops.
In view of the conglomerate limestone represented by a blue
(the York) limestone enveloping pebbles of crystalline and white
(lower) limestone mentioned in the description of section l,the
locality of change in intensity of dip in the limestone itself,
about one thousand feet south of the contact with slates, (north
of Wrightsville) viz :. from south 10° east — 55°, to south 10°
east — 80°, is the more probable location of unconformable con-
tact, if such there be on this line. But the immediate return
to south 10° east — 55°, and other facts relating to this hy-
pothesis (all carefully considered) forbade this interpretation in
the drawing. This section is drawn as nearly as may bo
in conformity with the observed phenomena, as are all the
other sections; and while the manner in which they may
agree is more than once hinted at, it is not pretended that
the last word has been said in regard to these complicated
questions in this preliminary report, nor has it been deemed
necessary to omit or modify either of t'wo observations which,
as yet, may seem inconsistent with each other.
At the southern boundary of the main body of the York
limestone, the unconformability of the latter with the slates is
not inconsistent with the facts set forth by any section line.
One natural interpretation of this unconformable contact of
the limestone and slates, is the existence of a long fault extend-
ing from the meeting of the mesozoic sandstone, limestone, and
older slates just below Littlestown, at least to the Sus(juehanna
river just below Wrightsville, and probably beyond into Lan-
caster county. A circumstance .which seems to favor such an
hypothesis is the very remarkable straightness of the line of
contact, and the associated unvarying change of dip in passing
Bouth from limestone to slate.
Drawing a line from the south end of Littlestown, east 29°
north twenty-nine miles, to a point a little less than a mile
182 C. p. FRAZER, JR., REPORT OP PROGRESS, 1874-75.
«
south-east of Widow Fritz's ore bank, we pass uniformly be-
tween the outcrops of slate and limestone which were noted
in the lines run during the last season. Not only is there no
encroachment of this line on either measures, but it lies almost
wholly in a narrow belt where no dip was obiafnoMej and no ovi-
crop of rock discernible ; although both are recorded with tol-
erable frequency, both to the north and to the south of this
line.
From this point (one mile south-^east of Fritz's) there appears
to be a curvature of the line towards the east, which causes it
to emerge on the Susquehanna river at the lock just below the
Columbia dam, after running for eight miles about east 15°
north.
This is an hypothesis which seems necessary to account for
the phenomena observable in the section along the Susquehanna
river, and also for the straightness of the long lines of non-con*
formable contact. As for the non-conformability itself of the
two formations, it seems to be established independently of the
existence of faults.
The larger portion of the rocks of York county consists of
erystalline slates and schists which usually dip at high angles
to the horizon, very nearly surround the limestone basin, and
exhibit many variations between their extreme south-easterly
outcrops and the base of the South Mountain, which is made
up of them.
The inquiry as to the contemporaneity of these schists with
the limestone called by Rogers " Auroral," involves two ques-
tions which are not satisfactorily answered by the structure of
Section 1. First, are two limestones of diiferent ages con-
founded under the name Auroral? Second, if so, are they con-
formable the one to the other, thus representing progress!^
growth of one formation during gradual subsidence of its bot-
tom and altered conditions of the water composing the Paleo-
zoic Ocean ? These questions cannot be settled by reference to
the apparent regularity of deposition of slates on quartzite, and
limestone on slates in Section 1. In Detweiler's quarry, which
is a little more than half a mile north of the Columbia bridgOi
there exists a conglomerate consisting of a blue limestone hold-
ing rounded pebbles of white limestone within it. The lime^
I
GENERAL REMARKS ON GEOLOGY. C. 133
Btone exposed between this quarry and the northern edge of
the belt is generally white and of a more earthy character than
the average York limestone, in these respects resembling the
limestone in Beeler's quarry, first met with in Section 2a ; that
in Srayser's bank, Benade's shaft, (Sprenkle's property) and the
schist hill near the beginning of section 3, etc. The pebbles
were, of course, fragments of an older limestone than that
which enclosed them.
Certain localities may be specified, where a limestone possi-
bly referable to this formation contains detached scales of these
schists so thickly strewn over the laminje of sedimentation that
the appearance of a fragment of the rock viewed on a broad
faee, is almost sure to deceive the observer with the idea that
he is regarding a chlorite or hydro-mica slate. Such a rock is
mentioned by Rogers, as occurring on the Schuylkill, below
Norristown. (Vol. I, p. 213.)
Many of the quarries in the Chester Valley, further south-
west than the locality indicated above, are also iron mines, the
ore being seen to dip regularly and conformably with the lime-
stone beds and between them.
In York county, there is a limestone quarry between the
Feigley and Brillhart ore banks, which accurately answera the
description in Rogers, and another outcrop of it is found actu-
ally in these banks themselves and among the ore.
As a gangue, the slates seem to bear two difterent relations
to the ores. The latter occur in the forms of magnetic crystals,
varying in size from the minutest specks visible under a powerful
lens to individuals, one-eight inch on the side, plates and scales
of specular iron, and partially or not at all hydroxidized pyrite,
with more or less impregnation by solution in the hard unde-
composed and massive slates, as in the Strickhouser or York
Iron Company's bank, Hofacker's, &c.
But the usual occurrence of the ore is as limonite, with va-
rying quantities of magnetite and anhydrous peroxide of iron
in the clays formed by the decomposition of these schists.
Though the quantity of the latter two kinds and more espe-
cially of the magnetite, is very small compared with the former ;
no one of these varieties will entirely elude a close search in
any bank sufliciently opened to permit one. The magnetite
134 U. p. FRAZER, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874-75.
being least subject to alteration is very often found in the bot-
tom of the bank and along the rain courses which lead from any-
large pile of the liraonite.
It is likely that the origin of the ore is to be sought partly
in fiegregation and partly from alteration of iron minerals in
situ. Of the former class are those glassy botryoidal and sta-
lactitic ores, (Butcher's, Moser's banks, &c.,) whose pyramidal
needles clearly show tLe position they held while in the course
of formation. But other cases occur in which masses of ore of
irregular shape and liiiiited extent lie between the beds of the
slates, and not only jartake of the general dips of the latter,
but share with them the most intricate and sudden convolu-
tions, (/. e. 1). Louck's bank about two rniles north-east of York,
an exposure on the Northern Central railroad, just below Glen
Eock, the heading of Butcher's ore bank, &c. ( — V. 75.)
It might be supposed that the micaceous and magnetic va-
rieties should occur in largest proportion in the slates which
had undergone least decomposition, and this seems to be the
case.
A{>art from the ore which they contain these crystalline
Bcliists soem to form the floor on which the York limestone lies,
while jitiother limestone seems to be bedded with them, (Alli-
son's mill, (XIV, 75,) and probably Fcigley's bank, etc.)
In I*rof. II. T>, Rogers' description of the section along the
Susquehanna river, from Columbia to Chiques Rock, he repre-
sents a belt of slates as dividing the southern outcrop of lime-
stone near the engine house. The first outcrop of limestone he
reprof^outs as south south-east — 50°, while these slates " dip 75°
south or steeper than the strata do, nor do they coincide in
strike with the boddiuG:, but ran^re more east and west." Hero
is shown a variation of 22J° of strike and 25° in inclination
between limestone and slates ; and two such sudden alterations
within the si>ace of 500 feet. But Mr. Rogers regarded the ob-
served planes of slate dip as cleavage, while those of the lime-
stone vvure assumed as re])rescnting the correct bedding.
A\'hcn one ol)serves how completely subject to the influences
which produced this cleavage are the hard and rigid sandstones
and quartzites (notably that of Chiques rock, but a short dis-
tance above the place we are considering,) and the complete
>
OEXEBAL REMARKS ON GEOLOGT. C. 185
Bhattering and shivering of the limestone in many localities as
in the Chester valley described by Rogfers ; it is difficult to con-
ceive how force could have been exerted on a calcareous forma-
tion like this in such a manner as to fill an included bed of
slate full of cleavage planes, which are very oblique in strike to
the direction of the wave axes of the former, and still to leave
no record upon tlie limestone itself.
Such difficult questions are numerous also in York county.
So far as can ,be generalized at all, the strike of the cleavage
plane*.-', of the slates and limestones (very numerous in the latter)
on 1 1.0 right bank of the Susquehanna, for a few miles above
and below Wrights ville, seems to be nearly the same as that of
the beddin:^.
An interesting exhibition of the contact of these slates with
the limestone is seen in a cut on the Hanover Short Line rail-
road, close to the crossing by the York road at Oil Creek. Here
the limestone dips south 30° east — 69°, and the slates east 80^
south— 78°.
Another interesting case of contact is seen in a large quarry,
on the same road, about one-half mile west of Spring Forge.
The slates dip east 30° south — 62°, and the limestone is almost
horizontal, rolling gently in the quarry from south 10° east to
north 10° west, with dips of not over 4°.
'J'lie limestones possess both physical and chemical differ-
ences. Both kinds appear to be dolomites with, as far as
yet ascertained, little iron, but one is usually blue or mot-
tled, and distinctly laminated or bedded, while the other is
more earthy in appearance, usually of whitish or buff colof",
and stained with oxide of iron.
Amidst the York schists occur chloritic layers which crop
out >?o:n(3time3 as a hard compact chlorite rock, in which the
trace's of lamination are almost obliterated, and containing fre-
quency pyrite and sometimes chalcopyrite but little oxidized,
And less frequently as a soft slaty rock pitted with casts of for-
mer crystals of pyrite, and often with fragments of this mineral
more or less hydroxidized.
Occasionally are to be seen bands of hard quartzite, in some
-cases intersecting the dip of the slates in such a way as to lead.
}
136 0. p. FEAZBR, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874-75.
from the first glance, to the supposition that it represented th^
true bedding, but where 'the exposure is ample, generally merg-
ing by insensible degrees on its upper and lower surfaces into
the same schistose mass in which it is found.
Veins of quartz (some of great breadth) intersect these rocks^
and form headstones to mark the places where the schists are
deeply buried in soil. Crypto-crystalline schists, and argillites
also, occur at ftequent intervals among them.
Origin of the York and Adams limonites or brown hemaMte iron
ores. — In the first Report of the Geology of Pennsylvania, ( VoL
I, p. 218,) it is stated of the Bathfon Ore Banks of Lancaster
county, that in this, as in most of the other iron veins con-
nected with the magnesian limestones, the position of the or*
is precisely at the junction of the limestone and slate. " It ia
indeed only a veiy ferruginous variety of the metamorphosed
slate regularly stratified and intercalated with it."
Again, " West of the Qantner Ore Diggings," * * " the
ore lies in decomposed sandy t^lco-micaceous slate between the
sandstone and an outcrop of limestone south of it." And just i
beyond, " The Conewango Ore Bank lies at the junction of the
Auroral limestone and the talco-micaoeous slates of the primal
series." In another place, the section of this limestone at
Strickler's run is given, commencing at the lowest member of
the series :
7. Limestone (?.)
6. Bluish talcoid slate, 200 feet.
5. Limestone (?.)
4. Dark-blue slate, 20 feet.
8. Limestone, 15 feet.
2. Blue talcoid slate, 200 feet.
1. Limestone, 150 feet.
(Total 405 +feet.)
Of the iron ores of York county, it is stated simply that i^
belt is traceable along the southern edge of the limestone tow-
ards Littlestown, but has been long neglected, owing probably
to its containing a considerable portion of the oxide of manga-
nese. All these statements agree in placing the limonites be-
neath the Auroral limestone. The ores which are entirely
away fVom the limestone seem not to be mentioned at all.
GENBBAL REMARKS ON GEOLOGT. C. 137
The ores of York county are partly compact slate, more or
less^thickly sown with magnetic ore (Ilmenite ?), micaceous iron I
and pyrite ; partly limonites, either testaceous and brittle, or j
botryoidal and manganiferous ; or concretionary mixed with j
much clay and other impurity ; or soft and earthy. |
The ores which have been most developed, and give fairest j
promise of future value, comprise the latter three classes, and {
formed the principal ranges studied by the party of the York }
and Adams district during the season of 1874.
The magnetic and specular ores which occur in the Mesozoic
sandstone, in the northern parts of York and Adams counties,
are not enumerated here. The first fact of importance with
regard to these kinds, is that they never occur far from the
" York" limestone,* but always on its edges, thus skirting the
entire basin (when not overlain by the New Red Sandstone)^
and forming a line of ore wherever, within its limits, from fold-
ing and subsequent denudation, an edge of this limestone is ex-
posed. 2d. They are almost always found in yellowish and
bluish clay. 8d. Not oflly is each belt of ore made up of small
pockets and nests lying with little regularity in the decomposed
slates constituting the clay, but in some cases the belt itself is
capricious, and appears to run out whenever the rock become*
less easily decomposable.
The source of this iron supply has been ascribed to the mi-
nute crystals of pyrite which undoubtedly permeate some hori-
zons of the great Calcareous deposit, but their number and the
porousness of the limestone as observed in connection with the
ore, seem to bear no relation to the latter. It seems much more
probable that the supply of iron was obtained from the pyrite
crystals of the lower slates. Even the slates which are not so
situated as to permit the percolation of water through them,
exhibit a porous structure, the pores being filled with brown
ochreous limonite ; and this occurs to an unknown depth, and
the slates seem to merge by imperceptible degrees in a direction
normal to the plane of bedding, first into completely metaso-
matized pseudomorphs of limonite after pyrite (but still re-
taining the form of the latter) ; then, the same with a kernel
of pyrite ; then the pyrite itself, first with a shell, and then
with a mere stain of ferric hydrate ; and finally the same slates
* Auroral limestone of Rogers. •
138 C. P*PRAZER, JR., REPORT OP PROGRESS, 1874-75.
are revealed porphyritic from the pyrite, and not at all decom-
posed.
As to the origin of the iron in these limonite beds: is
the iron derived from the percolation and solution of the
pyrite disseminated through the more recent limestone beds ;
or does it come from the decomposed pyrite in the less
recent slates ? If the former hypothsis be the true one, we
should expect to see an absence oJ limestone in the vicinity of
the large deposits ; for, granting for the moment that the lime-
stone contain enough pyrites to account for the entire deposit,
(a fact which at least admits of some question,) a percolation of
water sufficient to oxidize the sulphur of these pyrite crystals
and carry away enough iron to produce the beds, would entirely
honey-comb and finally, both by solution and attrition, dissi-
jntu the pyritiferous belts of limestone. But in and near some
of tLo largest limonite beds we find the limestone scarcely weath-
ered, and in few cases, if any, it is rendered ferruginous or even
stained to any great degree by chalybeate waters. Indeed, the
absence of the familiar iron stain from' the calcareous member
of this formation is so marked, that this point of difference
from the adjacent members of the series cannot fail to arrest
attention.
Again the uniformity of the occurrence of these limonite de-
posits on the skirts of the basin and the lower edge of the ele-
vated limestones and their absence elsewhere, cannot but be the
result of the law of their formation. Were these deposits de-
rived from the pyrite desseminated through the limestone there
would be. no way of explaining the adherence to this rule when
the strata are highly inclined or vertical, except by supposing
that the ferruginous solution from the limestone found its way
across the decomposing slate beds in a direction perpendicular
to their planes of lamination — ^an hypothesis opposed to all ex-
perience. But this would not account for the absence of iron
oxide on the remaining edges of the limestone itself, for even
if we could accept the flow of the waters through the bedding
we should be at a loss to account for the absence of that flow
along the planes of bedding. It is objected in short to the hy-
pothesis which would derive the limonite beds from the des-
seminated pyrite in the overlying limestone. 1st. That the
B
>>
GENERAL REMARKS ON GEOLOGY. C. 139
position of the beds seems not to affect the extent of the deposit,
there is no appearance of wasting in the limestone commensu-
rate with the effect produced, and not even the staining from
chalybeate waters which must have accompanied such a genesis.
2d. Very similar deposits are formd in horizons far below the
limestone, as at Hofacker's, the Hanover Junction milroad,
range, etc.
The facts whu-h are most intnictable, assuming the former
hypothesis, might have been predicted on the latter. A hirge
portion of the slates underlying the York limestones are pyri-
tiferous. A specimen taken from a point on the Peach Bottom
railroad, about five miles south-east of York was selected. A
Blab of this slate 3JX2|X J inches was examined to ascertain
the number of prints of pyrite crystals which it contained. On
the area of the surface 3|X2J=8.75 sq. inches {here were
counted 350 such pits visible to the naked eye.
A micrometric measurement of a large number of these pits
gave all intermediate dimensions between ^ and ^ of an inch.
Assuming the mean of the cubes of these dimensions or
0.000213 cubic inch as the average size of a crystal, we have
40 such crystals in one square inch, occupying 0.00851 cubic
inch. In the specimen examined which was f inch thick, there
were nine layers distinctly visible to the naked eye. Each
layer was therefore 2V ^^^^ ^^^ thickness and supposing only
0.00852 cubic inch of pyrite in (^ach square inch of laminae, we
have 0.00850X24X12X5=12.27 cubic inches of pyrite in every
square inch of area and 5 feet of thickness of these slates. One
cubic inch of pyrite weighs 12G.1 grains. In the above thick-
ness and area of these slates there are then 1547.25 grains, or
in each- square foot of the same thickness 222803.57 grains=
31.81tt)8.
This would give us for every mile of outcrop and 1,000 feet
of arch above the present surface the enormous sum of 168,-
009,600ibs.=75,004 tons of 2,240tbs. But the metallic iron in
this mass of slates one mile in length and five feet in thickness,
would weigh 47729.7 tons, and supposing it to be also oxidized,
the anhydrous o^ide would weigh 68185.2 tons and as limo-
nite 79691.5 tons.
Assuming J of this to be washed into the soil and | to be left
140 (3. p. FRAZER, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874-75.
08 earthy iron ochre in the pits originally filled by pyrite in the
slates still in place and only partially decomposed, — which lie
in juxtaposition to the ore ; then every outcrop of these slates
one mile long and one foot deep has contributed about 20 tons
to the deposits. But the entire mass of the rocks which were
formerly above the present surface have been washed away,
and with them their 47,730 tons of metallic iron, or their 79,-
691 tons of limonite (if all this iron was hydroxidized,) for
every 1,000 feet of slope, five feet of thickness and one mile of
outcrop. Added to the smaller contribution of the partially k
weathered slates at the surface, this gives the total of 79,711 "^
tons of limonite per mile, which has been gradually carried
down the dip and segregated among the clays. But these slates
are of very great thickness — at least 100 times what has been
assumed. Allowing, then, for all loss by transportation into
the sea, and through breaks in the continuity of the clay beda
to great depths under ground, and for combination with the
silicates to form double salts, we still have more than enough
to account for all the largest ore hanks. About a quarter of a I
mile east of KaulFman's mine in the Dunkard Valley, one mile
east of Logansville, there occurs a rock almost indistinguish-
able from the neighboring schists, but which contains 78.15
per cent, of soluble matter, of which about 62.52 per cent,
is calcium carbonate, and nearly 6.25 per cent, magnesium car-
bonate. A similar occurrence of limestone on the Schuylkill
is quoted elsewhere from Rogers' last report.
It seems probable that the limestone belongs to a lower hor-
izon than the "York," perhaps to the same as the body of " im-
pure limestone," near the York Furnace, on the south bank of
Otter creek, 100 yards from the river. This limestone he de-
scribes as about two feet thick and enclosed between talc-slate, i
and adds : '* It seems to be merely a layer of the talcose primal
slate, and not a fold of the Auroral (York) limestone."
But even it the Feigley limestone be a part of the Auroral
(York) it is not strange to find its lower layers mixed up
with the debris from the schists upon which it was laid down.
A far stronger proof of its contemporaneous origin with the
schists, is its occurrence on edge in the bank itself; and the
question of greatest interest is what is the age of the schists ?
f
GENERAL REMARKS ON aEOLOOT. C. 141
In reference to the older limonite deposits of Lancaster coun-
ty, it is said (Rogers, Vol. I, p. 183) : "An interesting inquiry
is here suggested as to what can have been the geological at-
mospheric condition which produced the remarkably percola-
tion which carried down so large an amount of ore out of these
ferruginous beds. Was it tepid rain charged with carbonic
acid in an early Palseozoic period ? Or could it have been a
long filtration of surface waters such as now soak the earth ?
Or are we to surmise an action of internal steam issuing up-
V ^ wards through crevices in the strata in a period of crust move-
ment and disturbance ? I am inclined to the first conjecture."
Dr. Hunt, in his essay on metalliferous deposits (XII, Chem.
and Geol. Essays, Boston, 1875, p. 229), says : " The question
has been asked me — ^Where are the evidences of the organic
material which was required to produce the vast beds of iron
ore found in the ancient crystalline rocks ? I answer that the
organic matter was, in most cases, entirely consumed in pro-
ducing these great results, and that it was the large proportion
I of iron diffused in the soils and waters of those early times
which not only rendered possible the accumulation of such
great beds of ore, but oxidized and destroyed the organic mat- *,
ter, which in later ages appear in coals, lignites, pyroschists and
bitumens. Some of the carbon * * is, however, still pre-
served in the form of graphite," &c.
With reference to the Ferric Sulphide or pyrite, the same
author ascribes its formation to the deoxidizing agency of de-
caying organic matters out of contact with air on soluble sul-
phate of lime and magnesia, giving rise, if carbonic acid be
present, to Hydrogen Sulphide. The latter (or a soluble sul-
phide) precipitates Ferric Sulphide which, in some conditions
not well understood, contains two equivalents of sulphur to
one of iron, and constitutes iron pyrites. He adds that he has
observed that the ferrous sulphide or proto-sulphide of iron in
presence of a per-salt of iron loses one-half of its iron, the rest
being converted to Ferric Sulphide.
It seems at least a possible explanation for this more promi-
nent determination of limonite along the edge of limestone,
that by the oxidation of the pyrites of the slates an equivalent
•f sulphuric acid in addition to that necessary to form Ferric
^-
142 C. p. FRAZER, JR., REPORT OF PROOUE'^i, 1874-75.
Sulphato has been produced. That tins molecule of free sul-
phuric acid in its passage over the mica and chlorite slates has
dissolved out part of their alkalies, especially soda. That this
solution (jf sodium sulphate has mingled in the clay beds be-
low with the solution of calcium bicarbonate, produced by the
drainage of rain waters over the limestone beds, giving rise to
sodium bicarbonate and calcium sulphate. That this sodium
bicarbonate reacting on the Ferrous Sulphate has precipitated
Hydro-Ferrous Carbonate which has been by oxidation rapidly
converted to Ferric Hydrate, while the Ferric Sulphate has
been immediately thrown down as hj'drous oxide. This, be it
repeated, is simply one of many possible explanations which
may suggest themselves, to account for the observed fact that
the limonite deposits in this region are more frequent and ex-
tensive in the neighborhood of limestone deposits than else-
where.
But though the solutions from such basins may favor the
deposition of this ore, they are not alw(iys necessary.
It has been incidentally stated that the proof of the fact that
great limonite deposits may be independent of the influence of
ff* limestone, is the existence of such deposits in regions remote
from it. There are many instances of this in York and Adams
counties, as for example the Hofacker mine, the banks along
the Ilanover Junction railroad, and in short, those deposits
which were denominated ores of the primal in the last Geolog-
ical Survey of this State.
In fact, very few of the ore banks of York county, can be
shown to bear any close relation to the "Auroral" series.
In section 4a, the Forney & Delone ore seems to overlie the
York (Auroral) limestone, but the outcrops were so few and of
such questionable importance, that the structure could not be
drawn in.
But supposing the presence of limestone to have been an im-
portant, if not a necessary condition to the production of these
lin^onites, we must suppose the latter to have been the results
of segregation, and the clays become also necessary.
Slates are discovered which are ferriferous, and in all stages
of decay, from the compact chlorite and hydro-mica slates of
Hofacker's and the Strickhouser mine, through the decayed
>
>
/
<
GENERAL REMARKS ON GEOLOGY. G. 143
but still coherent slates so common along the base of the South
Mountain, (with their strings and plates of included ore occu-
pying space amono^ the layers, and yet witliniit any evidence of
having disturbed them ;) to the completely disintegrated masses
which appear most frequently as adhesive clays of variegated
colors and as soft as cheese. On comparing the deposits of the
last two kinds of banks, the similar appearance of the ore as it
follows the contortions of the slates is unmistakeable. Nor is it
always impossible to prove by a careful examination of the planes
of homogeneous material, (or color,) that the folds of the ore in
the second case are due to the same cause. The theory of the
alteration in situ of various iron minerals resulting in the forma-
tion of many of these limonites, advanced by C. U. Shepard many
years ago, and ably discussed and accepted by Dr. T. S. Hunt,
^ cannot be disregarded in seeking the causes which produced
these limonites,*
[*In 1838, and independently of Prof. Shepard's obseryations, Dr. R. M. 8.
Jackson reported to Professor Rogers substantially the same oonclnsion from
I his study of the Limonite ore beds of Centre and Huntingdon oounties. See
Report of Progress, A, 1874, page 83— J. P. L.]
144 C. p. FBAZBR, JR., BEPORT 07 FROGBESS, 1874-'75.
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lAd of Banks with the Catalogue Numbers of the Specime^is taken
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No. of Bank. No. oC Specimens.
1 8,4.
n 5.
Ill 7,10,11.
IV 12.
V 13.
VI 14,15,16,17.
VII
VIII 40.
IX
X 49.
XI 60,51,62.
XII 63,64,65.
XIII 56,67,68.
XIV 273,274.
XV
XVI 66.
XVII 67.
XVIII
XIX 68,69,70,71,72.
XX
XXI 73.
XXII
XXIII
XXIV 74,75.
XXV 76.
XXVI 77.
XXVII 78.
XXVIII 79,80.
XXIX 81,82,83,84,86.
XXX
XXXI 86,87,88,89.
XXXII 91,92.
XXXIII . . . . 93.
XXXIV
XXXV 95.
XXXVI 97,98.
XXXVII... . 94.
XXXVIII... 99.
XXXIX 103.
XL 104.
XLi no.
XLII Ill, 112, 113
XLIII
XLIV; 114.
XLV
XLVI
XLVII 107 (?)
XLVIII
No. of BftQk. No. cf SpodaUDt.
XLIX
L
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LII 117.
LIII
LIV 118.
LIVa 118 a.
LIV 6 118 6.
LIVc 118 c.
LlVd llSd.
LIV 15 118 «.
LIV/ 118/.
LlV^r 118^.
LIVA 118/4.
LIVt 118 i.
LV 260,261,262,268.
LVI
LVII 256,257.
LVIII 269.
LIX
LX
j LXI 285,288.
LXII
LXIII 290, 291, 292, 253, 2M.
LXIV 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 30lt
301,302,303,804,80^.
LXV 309, 310, 3n.
LXVI 308.
LXVII
LXVIII
LXIX
LXX 139.
LXXI 140.
LXXII 144.
LXXIII 146.
LXXIV 147.
LXXV
LXXVI
LXX VII 148.
LXX VIII... 149.
LXXIX 157.
LXXX 158.
LXXXI 161, 162.
LXXXII....171.
LXXXIIL...197.
LXXXIV. . . .219.
LXXXV
LXXX VL... 227.
^
>
CATALOStTB- 01 SPECIM^S.
C. 16«
jiOk Of Umk.
LXXXVII . .
IiXXXVIII..2M.
Ho* of Bpc dn i c pB.
XC
XCI 176,229.
XCn 253,251.
XQin
XGIV 232,233,234,235,275,276.
YCV 242.
XCVI 238.
XCVIJ
XCVin 246, 247, 240
XCIX 265.
C 248.
CI 250.
Oil 251,262.
era
crv
cv
CVI
) No. of Baak. I9o. of Bpecimeni.
CVII
CVin 256.
CIX
CX
CXI
CXII 155(T>
CXIII 176.
CXIV
CXV 177.
CXVI
CXVII 155 (?)
CXVIII... .
CXIX 331, 332, 33J>.
CXX 334,335.
CXXX 346, 348, 319, 350, 851, 3G2.
CXXII 362.
CXXIII . . . .359, 360, 86], 363, 964.
CXXIV 857,868.
CXXV 865.
OXXVI. ..
>
164 C. p. FRAZER, JR., REPORT OP PROGRESS, 1874
The following chapter includes the bearings, distances and
true altitudes above high tide at Philadelphia, of all points de-
termined with the transit during the field work of 1874, and
is in fact a rescript from the field note books, made for the pur-
pose of enabling any one interested in the matter to fix the
stations for which the said altitudes were calculated.
CHAPTER V.
Statement showing part of the Field Work of 1874, a^ determined
by the Transit.
w
M
^
U--W
ST
OB
•^
o'
^-«
fcrEr»
•
•
lUmarks.
s?
• ap
: (Dg-
,
•
•
1,485
884.77
Sta. 1,845— Centre of Square.
York.
• • #
1,485 to 1,488,
252
E. 170 30 N.
389,68
Sta. 1,48&— Centre of Main
and Duke streets.
1,480—1,487,
235
E. 160 45' N.
892.76
Sta. 1,487— Centre of Malm
and Queen streets.
1,4?P7— 1,488,
233
E. 190 30' N.
896.28
1,488 — 1,489,
845
E. 160 15' N.
403.11
1,480—1,490,
480
N. 160 45' W.
897.54
1,490—1,491,
690
N. 170 15' W.
382.44
Sta. 1,492— Centre of Queom
1,491 1,492,
142
N. 180 45' W.
878.39
[and Chestnut streets.
1,492 — 1,493,
629
E. 330 00' N.
372.84
1,493 — 1,494,
158
E. 350 00 N.
868.29
1,494—1,495,
480
N. 240 45' W.
871.07
3,495—1,496,
294
N. 220 00' W.
874.89
*
1,496 — 1,497,
227
N. 6O30'W.
357.23
1,497 1,498,
640
N. 22^^ 00' E.
345.46
1, 498 — 1, 499,
615
N. I80 30' E.
852.41
1,499 — 1,600,
565
N. 150 30' E.
852.92
•
1,600 — 1,601,
360
N. I80 00' E,
850.18
1,601 — 1,602,
700
N. 70 30' E.
848.78
1,602 — 1,603,
720
N. 9000'E.
846.69
1,603 — 1,604,
100
N. 210 00' W.
843.84
1,604 — 1,605,
515
N. 120 30 E.
842.66
1,60jj — 1,606,
422
N. 140 00' E.
842.41
Sta. 1.607— Opposite Louok's
1,606 — 1,607,
455
X. 140 00' E.
312.65
[milL
1,607—1,608,
212
E. 140 15 N.
345.62
1,608 — 1,609,
489
E. 150 00' S.
846.30
1,609 — 1,610,
210
E. 18^ 15' S.
846.30
1,610 — 1,611,
586
N. 90 00 E.
348.00
1,011 — 1,612,
367
N. 80 15' E.
843.52
1,612 — 1,613,
585
N. 9^00'B.
838,61
1,613 — 1,614,
535
N. 9030'E.
844.39
1,014 — 1,615,
412
N. 80 00'E.
341.05
1,615 — 1,616,
266
E. 310 00' N.
342.99
1,61^—1,617.
1,617 — 1,618,
370
N. 390 15' E.
865.78
308
E. 30^ 30' S.
369.17
1,618 — 1,619,
892
E. 290 00' 8.
874.85
1,619 — 1,620.
462
N. 440 00' E.
410.01
1,620-
-1,621,
297
N. 450 45' E.
436.32
}
}
* To reduce to mean ocean level 6.913 must be added.
BEARING^ DISTANCE AND ALTITUDE CALCULATED. C. 165
STATEMENT— Continued.
3Q
F
1,621 to 1,
,622,
1, 622—1,
623,
1,623 — 1,
624,
1,624—1,
,625,
l.'^'io — 1,
,626,
1, 626 — 1,
,627,
1,627 — 1,
,628,
1,628 — 1,
,629,
1,629—1,
,630,
1,630 — 1,
,631,
1,631 1,
, 632,
1,632 — 1,
, 6:«,
1,633 — 1,
,'6.^,
1,6*4 — 1,
,6^,
1,635 — 1,
,636,
1,636 — 1,
,637,
1,637 1,
, 638,
1,63^—1,
, 639,
1,639 — 1,
,640,
1,640—1,
,641,
1,641 — 1,
, 642,
1,642 — 1,
,643,
1,643^—1,
.644,
1 fiH 1
645,
646,
j,0'ia -■!,
1,645—1,
1,646 — 1,
647,
1, 647 — 1,
648,
1,648 — I,
649,
1,649 — 1,
650,
J, 645— I,
651,
1,651 — 1,
, 652,
1,652 — 1,
,653,
1,653 — 1,
,654,
1,654 — 1,
,655,
1,655—1,
,656,
1,656 — 1,
,657,
1,657—1,
, 65S,
1,658 — 1,
,659,
1,659 — 1,
,660,
1,660—1,
,661,
1,661 — 1,
,662,
1,662 — 1,
,663,
1,663 — 1,
, 664,
1,664 — 1,
,665,
1,665 — 1,
,(m,
1,666 1,
, 667,
1, 667—1,
6<)8,
1,668 — 1,
,669,
1,669 1,
»670,
1,670 — 1,
,671,
1,671—1,
,672,
1,67a— 1,
,673,
1,673 — 1,
,674,
1,674—1
,675,
1,6/5 — 1,
,676,
1,676 — 1,
,077,
s
5c'
o
9
4)1
f>ij
455
337
350
168
675
432
550
2<K)
59:i
.600
385
375
169
185
3^55
248
395
453
695
590
505
456
630
420
390
3:10
590
409
450
373
493
375
220
272
355
4S5
655
70.S
6:^0
425
627
440
3:w
700
582
500
555
638
250
450
482
315
620
\:
K
Vs
\:
N
N
N
N
N
E
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
X
W
S
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
8
S
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
8
s
8
8
8
P
5'
045'
I O30'
1 3 00'
1«P30'
4-5(0'
10 (.0'
420 45'
520 30'
69O00'
250 00'
450 00'
450 30'
4'>3 00'
44030
5QO 15'
6I045'
230 00'
550 00'
460 45
470 15'
6OO 45'
64O00'
010 30'
290 00'
270 15'
270 30'
0»O30'
^030'
320 00'
220 30'
8OOO'
150 30'
90 30'
3 ;o 30'
.-.I" 00'
MO 00'
420 30'
450 00'
280 00'
320 30'
460 00'
'S30 15'
280 30'
270 00'
230 15
230 15
150 45'
310 30'
320 30'
42«-> 15'
32^00
^^ 30'
250 00'
26O00'
N.
N.
N.
N.
W.
W.
E.
E.
E.
N.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
W.
W.
W.
W.
8.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
478.55
502.83
543.74
659.62
555.21
575.06
577.50
6a5.99
547.03
679.65
677.91
688.23
659.43
W7.34
621.16
619.20
604.64
51H5.14
58S.58
572.62
551.69
52L.K0
529.00
5-.i9.30
499.48
462.22
414. 6S
3S2.39
»13.22
577 . 15
613.02
646.37
677.59
712.69
7Ii5.75
737.60
732.87
729.43
683.21
633,69
58.S.45
553.05
522.28
4m.7'i
473.31
469.41
451 .07
450.87
440.67
440.67
447.72
451.00.
455.86
452.34
453.85
457.49
Keirarks.
Sta. 1,626— Fork
[school house.
of road at
8ta. 1,645— Centre of Crow
[Roads.
8tation 1,650— Smysor's on
[bank.
Sta. 1,657 — Opposite church.
Station 1,674— Bridp:e over
[Wrightsville railroad at
[Hei stand's.
*To reduce to mean ocean level 6.913 must be added.
1G6 C. p. FRAZBR, JR., REPORT OF PROORBSS, 1874
STATEMENT— CoNTuruBD.
OB
o
C3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
]
1
]
]
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
I
1
1
1
1
677 to
678 —
679—
6vSa—
6vSl —
682 —
683 —
684 —
685 —
686 —
687 —
688 —
689 —
690 —
691 —
em —
693 —
61M—
695 —
(i9e —
697—
608 —
o:^9 —
800 —
801 —
802 —
8o:j—
804 —
805 —
806 —
807 —
808 —
809 —
810—
811 —
812 —
813 —
814 —
815 —
8J6 —
817 —
818 —
819 —
820 —
821 —
822 —
823 —
824 —
iS23 —
826 —
827 —
828 —
82i) —
830 —
831 —
9^5 —
678,
679,
680,
681,
682,
683,
684,
685,
686,
687,
688,
689,
6JH),
691,
692,
693,
694,
695,
697,
6^8,
699,
800f
801,
802,
803,
804,
805,
806,
807,
80S,
809,
810,
811,
812,
813,
814,
815,
816,
817,
818.
819,
820,
821,
822,
823,
824,
826,
827,
828,
829,
831,
832,
8-
637
620
607
712
500
4:m
730
300
642
615
a50
405
3S6
610
8*20
518
412
450
6.-)5
liW
400
323
259
545
422
180
470
445
219
271
475
189
268
2^»2
245
290
222
3)0
235
3S0
233
392
247
318
345
3S0
224
179
241
357
300
358
40:)
3')9
169
366
03
S. 240
S. 250
s. 90
S. 10
South
S. 10
10
10
s.
8.
S.
8.200
S. ViP
8. 100
s. 140
8. 10
8. 80
8.270
S. 840
8.230
8. 650
8.110
8. 100
8. 370
8. 60
8. 30
S. I80
8. 6OO
8.370
8.540
8. I80
8. 430
8.550
8. 6IO
8. 6I0
8. 170
8. 330
8. 280
S. 38^
8. 150
8. 2^
W. 70
W. 80
W. 120
8.330
8.230
8. 110
8. 110
8. 70
8. 90
8. 100
8. 80
8. 230
s. 290
8. 250
H. 220
K. 20
W. 20
15' E.
15' E.
30' W.
00' W.
**•■•«■•
15' W.
00' W.
45' E.
00' W.
00' w.
30' W.
00' w.
15' W.
30' E.
30' E.
30' W.
00' w.
00' w.
00' w.
45' W.
00' w.
30' E.
00' W.
00' E.
00' W.
00' W.
15' W.
00' w.
15' E.
00' E.
00' E.
15' K.
00' E.
.30' W.
30' W.
00' w.
45' W.
15' W.
45' E.
15 8.
15' 8.
15' S.
00' E.
30' E.
45' E.
00' E.
30' E.
30' E.
30' E.
30' E.
30' E.
45' E.
30 E.
00' E.
15' N.
15' N.
440.61
445.32
459.62
478.70
470.00
473.74
497.54
613.05
649.45
608.24
649.19
680.98
677.85
645.58
637.20
637.51
648.63
629.77
627.33
624.08
699.68
682.21
677.31
631.63
611.91
615.83
487.25
456.46
470.78
476.06
483.66
475 .97
468.17
464.78
474.41
481.92
4vS8.51
495.75
601.84
510.24
6*25.19
656.98
646.21
&10.58
5,37.04
583.45
587.35
575.29
664.85
616.07
647 M
539.34
534.92
550.90
646.37
669.10
Bemarlu.
Sta. 1,67ft— Cross roads.
Sta. 1,679— Fork of road.
Sta. 1,681-^ppoaite lana.
)
Sta. 1,687— Opposite lane.
Sta. 1,692— Cnx»-r'dS| Ixmgi-
[town.
Sta. 1,698— Fork of road. \
Sta. 1,802— School house.
>
Sta. 1,810— Fork of road.
Sta. 1,811— Wagner's mill
[dam.
Sta. 1,816— Turn in road.
Sta. 1,819— Fork of road.
Sta. 1,832— Fork of road at
[Musselman^s bank.
* To reduce to mean ooeaa level 6.913 must be added.
BEARING, DISTANCE AND ALTITUDE CALCULATED. C. 167
STATEMENT— CONTIKXTED.
QQ
O
1,145—1
L, 146 — 1
147 — 1
148 — 1
149 — 1
160 — 1
151-
152 — 1
153 — 1
154 — 1
155 — 1
156 — 1
» 157 — 1
,158 — 1
, 15»— 1
,160 — 1,
, 161 — 1
,162 — 1
,163 — 1
,164 — 1
165 — 1
,166 — 1
,167 — 1
,168 — 1
,16ft— 1
,170 — 1
,171 — 1
,172 — 1
,173 — 1
,174 — 1
,175 — 1
,176 — 1
, 177 — 1
,178 — 1
,179 — 1
,180 — 1
, 181 — 1
, 183—1
»183 — 1
A^ — 1
,185 — 1
,186 — I
,187 — 1
,188 — 1
1, 189 — 1
1; 190 — 1
1, 191—1
1, 192 — 1
1,193 — 1
1, 194 — 1
1,195 — 1
1,196 — 1
1, 197 — 1
1^ 198 — 1
1,199 — 1
,146,
,146,
,147,
,148,
,149,
,150,
,151,
,152,
, 153,
,164,
,155,
,156,
,157,
,158,
, 159,
,160,
161,
,162,
,163,
,164,
,165,
,166,
,167,
,168,
,169,
,170,
,171,
,172,
,173,
,174,
,175,
,176,
,177,
,178,
,179,
,180,
,181,
,182,
,188,
,lft4,
,1R5,
. ISiJ,
,187,
,188,
,189,
,190,
,191,
,192,
,193,
,194,
,195,
,196,
,197,
,198,
,199,
,S00y
00
o
360
205
404
282
498
296
612
392
375
419
330
372
353
812
413
340
398
267
222
850
316
838
235
420
219
229
117
817
159
380
445
246
402
209
400
395
401
898
359
387
450
374
490
470
860
406
358
405
340
826
855
476
432
245
411
843
W. 80 15'
W. 80 45'
8. 560 30'
8. 480 00'
8. lOO 30'
8. 40 30'
8. 7046'
W. 190 00'
W. 140 00
8. 20 15'
8. 50 30'
8. 4030'
a. 3030'
8. 40 30'
8. 2045'
8. 40 30'-
8. 5015'
8. 60^ 00'
8. 66O 00'
N. 540 00'
8. 290 80'
S. 280 30'
8. 290 30'
8. 520 00'
8. 550 OQ'
8. 520 00'
8. 7 10 00'
8. 6OO 45'
W. 90 30'
N. 420 45'
N. 580 00'
N. 6I0 00'
N. 590 00'
N. 6:^0 00'
S. 60 15'
vS. 6OOO'
8. 603O'
8. 6OOO'
a. 70 00'
8. 220 00'
a. 230 30'
8. 220 45'
8. 00° 45'
8. I60 15'
8. 190 00'
8. I80 45'
8. 170 00'
8. I80 15'
8. 19c 00'
8. I60 30'
8. 170 15'
8. 170 45'
8. I80 15'
8. 50 15'
8. 4045'
8. 1045'
N.
N.
W.
W.
w.
E.
E.
N.
N.
W.
W.
w.
w.
w.
w.
w.
w.
w.
w.
w.
w.
w.
w.
w.
w.
w.
w.
w.
N.
w.
w.
w.
w.
w.
w.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
W.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
W.
E.
654.96
634.23
486.64
474.66
478.14
483.05
488.43
•600.39
637.40
644.94
&45.40
656 19
674 87
5.<^3.89
693.51
612.89
6JK30
606.11
673.94
642.61
638.94
671.93
680.81
685.68
673.48
695.90
587.64
572.42
690.37
631.52
655.46
658 31
637.29
629.64
645.12
663.49
670.95
679.63
672.52
684.67
716.31
740.02
707.29
687.60
689.18
706.31
717 .77
733.69
752.63
768.73
744.91
758.33
737.59
739.87
739.38
736.40
Remarks.
Sta. 1,161— Fork of road^
Sta. 1,163— Fork of road.
Sta. 1,162— Tom in road.
Sta. 1,163— Tarn In road.
Sta. 1,164— Turn in road.
Stu. 1,178— Fork of r'd,Peaoli
[Bottom turnpike.
Sta. 1,183— Innersville.
Sta. 1,184— Innersville.
Sta. 1,191— Fork of road.
Sta. 1,107— Crofls-roads.
* To reduoe to mean ooean level 6.913 must be added.
168 C. p. TBAZEB, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874.
STATEMENT— CoMTiMUED.
l,S0atol,301,
1,301—1,303,
1,302 — 1,»03,
1,303 — 1,304,
1,301 — 1,305,
1,305 — 1,3(M,
!,»» — 1,307,
1,3«7 — 1,308,
1,808 — ],S09,
1,300 — 1,310,
1,B10 — 1, Sll,
1,311 — 1,312,
1,312 — ^1,313,
' 313—1,314,
1,314
1,315
1,31S
1,817-
-1,315,
1,316,
1, 317,
1,318,
318 — 1,819,
1,811»— 1,321^
1,330—1,321,
1,331—1,322,
1,822—1,323,
1,333 — 1,324,
1,324 — 1,325,
1,325 — 1, 323,
1,8! i7,
l,3i
1,83
i|3TO— i|aw; (•
1,340—1,341,
1,341—1,342,
1,343—1,843,
1,343— 1,»14,
1,344—1,315,
1,346 — 1,348,
1, 319 — 1, 3460
I,S4t — 1,347,
1,347—1,3(8,
1,348—1,349,
1, 349 — 1, 350,
1,350 — 1,351,
1,851 — 1,353,
1,3^ — 1,353,
8. 1° SO' E.
8, 130 00' E.
8. 24° 46' E.
8. lOO Off E.
8. 19° 16' E.
8. 11° 30' E.
8. 17° 46' W.
" .8°3»'W.
S. 20O 45' W.
-}. 25° 30' W.
S.4I0 8fl~
S, 480 00' W.
i. 57°
9'W.
S, 54° 30' W.
S, 390 30' W,
8, 440 30' W.
8. 40O3fl ~
8. 410 00' W.
8. 430 46' W.
8. 480 16' W.
8. 450 00' W.
H. 30O 30' W,-
8. 3O80'E.
S. n° 30' E.
S. 21° 30' E.
S. 200 30' E.
8. 20" 45' E.
a. 19° 80' E.
8. 41° 00 _.
S. 440 30' E,
S. 38° SO' E.
S. 5iO 45' E.
S-HOOfy E.
a. ff70 45' E,
i. 103 00' E.
i. 70 00' E.
!. 93 45' E.
S, 14° 30' E.
1. 02° 45' E.
i. 32° 45' E.
8. 340 00' E.
"i. SOOOO'E.
E. 223 00' N,
E. 240 00" N.
E. 270 00' N.
K 31° 45' N.
N. 83 30' E.
W. 24O00'S
W -210 16' £
W 81° 30' 8,
M. 430 15' W.
W, 431^ 16' 8.
8, 470 00' V
8, 58° 00' W,
StB. liSOO-Eork of road.
661.
648.72
640.26
913.S8
621.92
489.63
467.20
448.77
443.45
439.41
444.56
454.49
465 J6
461.12
450.97
466.25
463.27
472.22
479.32
461 . 10
453,34
452.16
466.H0
467.66
474.38
475.60
48(1.54
601.76
633.11
633.61
649.11
560.50
645,79
621.02
KH.SS
633.01"
623. «
Sta. 1,316— Cio»-roadi.
S ta . 1 ,333— Id d ependenoe saw
and fn^st mill.
Sta. 1,330— Oppoalte road t*
DaUaalowD.
Ste. 1,334— Bridge over
dojus creek.
SlB. 1,336— Boad to left>
'Torednoe to a
BEARIKa, DISTANCE AND ALTITUDE CALCULATED. C. 160
STATEMENT— Continued.
QQ
o
1,858 till
1,351 —
1,355--
1,366 —
1,367—
1, 5»i-
1, 395 — X,
1,39^—1,
1,397 — 1,
1,398 — 1,
1, 399 — 1,
1,500 — 1,
1,501 — 1,
1,502 — 1,
1,603 — 1,
1, 504 — 1,
1,505 — 1,
1,606 — 1,
llTil,
:i.V»,
360,
361,
362,
363,
364,
365,
366,
367,
368,
369?
370,
371,
372,
373,
374,
375,
376,
877,
378,
379,
380,
381,
382,
383,
3*M,
385,
386,
387,
388,
a89.
390,
301,
392,
393,
394,
395,
396,
397,
398,
399,
500,
501,
502,
503,
504,
505,
506,
507,
316
410
879
265
190
254
827
890
287
445
155
829
258
324
226
292
206
263
861
875
410
329
194
180
828
142
272
197
216
505
361
275
3fi0
100
470
370
479
337
431
339
157
810
146
887
2-28
447
213
279
471
438
314
232
281
353
9
S. 620
8.660
S. 640
8. 60O
8. 380
W. 30
W^lOO
8. 580
8. 6OO
8. 6OO
8. 620
N. 40O
W. 50
N. 40O
N.430
N.440
N. 420
8.390
8. 3lo
8. 540
8.550
8. 320
S. 6OO
W. 80
W.320
W.20O
N.270
W. 20
w. 210
w. 130
V. 140
N. 450
W. 260
8. 280
8. 290
8. 290
8. 320
s. 190
8. 70
8. 110
s. 110
W. 50
W.210
8. 280
8. 350
8. 510
8. MO
S. 560
8. 440
8. 510
8. 670
S. 450
W. 30
w. 70
15' W.
30' W.
00' w.
45' W.
45' W.
30' N.
45' 8.
15' W.
30* W.
45' W.
30' W.
00' W.
30' 8.
W.
w.
w.
w.
w.
w.
45'
30'
30'
00'
30'
45'
30' W.
30' W.
00' W.
45' W.
45' 8.
15' 8.
15' 8.
30' W.
45' 8.
00' S.
30' 8.
00' S.
00' W.
15' N.
45' W.
00' w.
30' W.
45' W.
00' w.
15' W.
30' W.
00' W.
30' N.
00' S.
45' W.
30' W.
45' W.
00' w.
30' W.
00' w.
15' W.
00 w.
00' w.
15' R.
00' 8.
546.38
556.94
542.05
529.73
522.32
521 .74
524.13
533.41
537.92
535.34
534.94
511.22
518.88
529.05
534.90
542.55
550.09
566.13
665.30
582.63
589.31
572.86
579.30
580.87
595.76
595.96
621 .23
626.67
643.93
701 .25
717.10
737 M
734.28
731.08
746.12
739.24
713.90
701.67
708.70
731.35
738.70
742.20
740.29
735.10
719.87
682.86
675.0'*.
648.3:;
635.33
606.29
603.90
6^0.02
648.57
676. n
Remarka.
Sta. 1,3CT— David Shne's.
Sta. 1,864— Road to right.
8ta. 1,370— Blacksmith shop
and road to left.
8ta. 1,875— Lane to left.
Sta. 1,379— Turn in road.
Sta. 1,380— Second torn in.
road.
Sta. 1,386— Cross-roads, Lo-
ganville.
Sta. 1,392— R'«l toright,South
Loganville. « ,
Sta. 1,394— Road to right
South Loga;iville.
Sta. 1,396— Gross-roads.
* 1^0 reduce to mean ocean level 6.913 must be added.
170 C. p. FEAZBR, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS^ 1874.
STATEMENT— CONTINUBD.
350
207
327
398
483
3:^
378
420
390
640
670
161
195
467
307
868
400
281
620
284
276
455
274
472
219
287
267
310
473
464
414
400
243
247
126
541-
305
270
254
140
274
251
240
254
420
557
380
133
429
127
334
269
382
445
99
W.130
W. 210
W. 210
W.30O
W. 180
W. 190
W.260
S. 64C
s. 540
S. 510
S.690
S. 650
s. 270
W.250
w. 250
W.240
W.240
W.390
s. 490
w. 230
W. 180
W.30O
w. 320
w. 320
w. 150
W.340
W.310
w. 90
W. I80
w. 110
W.20O
W.280
W.240
w. 50
w. 370
8. 410
w. 10
N. 300
N. 300
S. I80
8. 470
W. 280
w. 200
S. 6OO
s. 20
N. 20
s. 220
s. 350
W. 60
w. 30
w. 190
w. 270
w.240
8. 660
00' 8.
46' 8.
16' 8.
45' N.
00' N.
30' N.
00' 8.
00' w.
00' w.
45' W.
30' W.
00' W.
30' E.
30' 8.
30' 8.
30' 8.
30' 8.
45' 8.
30' W.
30' 8.
00' 8.
30' S.
30' 8.
45' 8.
15' 8.
30' 8.
00' 8.
46' S.
15' 8.
46' 8.
45' N.
15' N.
30'
00'
37'
00'
N.
N.
8.
W.
00' 8.
45' W.
15' W.
30' W.
15' W.
45' 8.
45' 8.
15' W.
15' W.
00' W.
00' W.
30' W.
00' 8.
00' 8.
00' 8.
45' 8.
30' 8.
15' W.
p. SB
a,g-
719.63
727.64
693.27
667.21
622.82
654.64
678.69
709.16
735.02
761.10
809.78
815.87
829.93
809.57
794.04
768.02
798.94
796.09
754.27
778. a5
798.80
804.49
797 .48
780.20
764.91
751.62
760.78
740.32
708.72
663.99
617.37
67&.33
660.32
534.14
620.90
487.74
481.62
475.47
490.46
488.22
490.30
483.22
484.06
484.67
481.76
485. as
489.71
487.00
484.13
485.87
493.35
606.34
508.10
621.06
BemarkB.
Sta. 1,511— G. Gladfelter'8.
>
Sta. 1,519— Croaa-ioad.
Sta. 1,540— W. Grow'i,
)
Sta. 1,560— N. C. R. R., oppo-
site Seitz's mill.
Sta. 1,564— School hoiis^
Sta. 1,566— Fork of road*
Sta. 1,568— Zlgler'a mUl.
* To reduce to mean ocean level 6.913 must be added.
BEARING, DISTANCE AND ALTITUDE CALCULATED. C. 171
STATEMENT— Continued,
OQ
O
3
1,574 to 1,575,
1, 575 — 1, 576,
3,576 — 1,677,
1,577 — 1,578,
1,678 — 1,579,
1,579 — 1,580,
],580 — 1,581,
1,581—1,582,
1,582 — 1,583,
1,583 — 1,584,
1. 584 — 1, 585,
1,571 — 1,686,
1,586 — 1,587,
1,587 — 1,588,
1,588 — 1,589,
1,589—1,590,
1,590 — 1,691,
1,591 — 1,592,
1,592 — 1,593,
1,693 — 1,594,
1,594 — 1,595,
1,596 — 1,596,
1,596 — 1,597,
1, 597 — 1, 598,
1,598 — 1,599,
1, 699 — 1, 700,
1,700 — 1,701,
1,701 — 1,702,
1,702 — 1,703,
1,703 — 1,704,
1,704 — 1,705,
1,705 — 1,706,
1,70*^ — 1,707,
1,707 — 1,708a
2^535 — 1,708,
1,708 — 1,709,
1,709 — 1,710,
1,710 — 1,711,
1,711—1,712,
1,712 — 1,713,
1,713 — 1,714,
1,714 — 1,715,
1,715 — 1,716,
l,71t< — 1,717,
1,717 — 1,718,
1,718 — 1,719,
1,719 — 1,720,
1,720 — 1,721,
1,721 — 1,722,
1,722 — 1,723,
L723 — 1,724,
1,724 — 1,725,
1,725 — 1,726,
k726— 1,727,
9
190
297
410^
328
149
350
310
818
440
150
154
141
185
ls2
439
2:^8
374
358
377
505
78
116
517
255
248
270
500
330
237
90
642
159
146
123
2^
318
207
396
410
553
342
394
326
3*?0
510
320
217
331
481
317
422
415
386
337
S
3
W. 140
W. 120
W.280
W.20O
W. 260
W. 60
w. 90
S. 50=>
W.I90
W. I60
W.310
E. I80
N. 320
N. 393
N. 540
N^580
N. 460
X. 440
N. 450
N. 43^
N. 520
W. 30
N. 340
N.460
N. 380
N. no
N. 170
N. 330
N. 580
N. 26°
N. 10
N. 550
X. 30^
N. 280
N. 80
N. 570
N. 510
N.670
N. 70O
N. 753
N. 630
N. 5SO
N.640
W. 9^
W. 70
W. 60
W. 63
8.36^
8.470
S. 420
W. 50
W. 40
W. 60
w. 50
15' S.
00' N.
30' N.
15' N.
00' N.
00 N.
30' S.
30' W.
00' s.
45' S.
00' S.
45' N.
00' w.
46' W.
00' w.
45' W.
30' W.
00' W.
30' W.
15' W.
00' w.
00' X.
00' w.
00' w.
15' W.
15' W.
00' w.
15' W.
45' W.
00 W.
00' W.
15' E.
00' E.
15' E.
45' W.
45' W.
45' W.
00* w.
15' W.
15' W.
00' W.
00' w.
30' W.
30' X.
30' X.
15' X.
30* S.
30' W.
30' W.
30' W.
15' N.
45' S.
15' S.
00' S.
kJl ^. CD
? !?
621.54
530.60
638.35
641.11
646.09
544.55
622.99
576.74
678.68
681.43
677.09
488.10
495.15
505.31
534.90
645.28
669.96
606.05
626.97
657.52
662.15
671.05
701. U9
700.66
694.88
677 .63
625.68
61K).70
659.16
633.22
588.82
677.31
663.32
523.92
605.08
631.03
631.88
633.23
652.30
683.10
712.00
740.05
728.22
703.10
686.83
692.49
697 .22
683.09
663.51
655.20
631 .78
605.01
684.59
666.66
Kemarks.
Sta. 1,579— Road to left.
Sta. 1,683— Road to right.
Sta. 1,590— Croas-roadB.
Sta. 1,715— Road to left.
Sta. l,71&-Road to right.
Sta. l,72a-8chool hoiuc
Sta. 1,727— Mill-datn.
* To reduce to mean ocean level 6.913 must be added.
172 C. P. FRAZER, JR., REPORT OF FKOORESS, 1874.
ST ATEM EST— Con ti n u ed.
1
f
1
kI
a
■s
: &5
'Remarlu.
1,727 to 1,729,
283
W. 50 15' R.
658,51
8ta. 1,727— Mill d&m.
1,729—1,729,
J02
W. 84° 00' S.
6.-)H.l«
Sill. 1.729— Mill dam.
1,7^9—1,730,
lis
S. 840 16' W.
6.19. 3H
«U. 1,730-MlU dAm.
i.7r ■ "1,
ioo
8. 130 00' W.
684 .2H
J,7i 3,
2Hfl
8. 6OO 30' W.
a'5.47
1,7! 3,
BBS
8. 65° 15' W.
601.50
l|7l 4,
3U0
8. WO SO' W.
(KM .72
l,7i B,
430
8. 290 30' W.
836.08
1,71 6,
231
W. HO 00' 8.
(M7.10
l,7i 7,
i:u
W. 21° 00' 8.
(!8.'*.4fl
1,71 a.
846
W. 200 00' 8.
1,71 9,
152
W. 14° 80' S.
71fl!l5
8ta. 1,739-Road tQ right.
iji d.
270
N. a«o 80' w.
712.78
l,7f I,
400
N. 28^ 00' W.
am. 50
l,7f 2,
617
N. 20^ 45' W.
687.00
1,7< 3,
8-J2
N. 820 45- W.
6611.69
Stft. 1,744-Tum Id road.
1,7^ Z
444
W. 350 45' 8.
(m.7^
1,7< 5.
324
W. 22= »)■ S.
(M7.99
I,7H fl,
270
W. 81° 45' S.
(127,98
17^ 7
4!ta
S. 6xa SO' W.
699.711
l,7^ 8,
400
N. 603 8,1 W.
69.1,95
i;7i_ ....e:
291
W. 210 30' N.
583.18
1,749 — 1
750,
229
w. no 00' N.
671..i9
l,7ii)— I
75i;
443
N. 590 30' W.
592. 4H
1,761—1
753,
277
W.250 45'S.
(517.33
l,7r.a— 1
753^
505
H. 48" 0(1' W,
677.12
1,753—1
754,
286
H. S\o 4.->' W.
6il.l.HI
1,754 — 1
7S5,
410
S. Ki-^ 00' W.
699. .W
1,755—1
75.!
429
s. eiooo'W,
T(H.03
SM. 1,756— Roud to riglit.
1,756—1
767;
8(2
8. 600 4.V W.
701. !(i
1,757—1
768,
432
R. BOO (xr vv.
724.99
1, :.-,'i — 1
759;
400
8. 530 30' W.
717 .!«
),,-59— 1
760,
8>!0
8. 62° 15' \V.
706.10
1,760—1
76i;
415
a. &40 30' W.
(iSCJ.TO
Sta. l,76l-RoadtoJ8(rerson.
1,761 — 1
762,
447
N. 360 X¥ W.
676. ;«
1,762—1
763
2.31
N. 31 ii.»'W.
6.S5.51
i,7a;i — 1
764,
8;to
N.24 1.VW.
6.14.51
1,764 — 1
765,
8il0
N. 25'5 •' W.
644.11
[end.
1,765—1
766,
820
N. S20 W VV.
«:«.89
Sta. l,76(UJeffera'n,Bi>uth'n»
1,76(1 — 1
767,
8il3
N. 3lo 30' W.
610..-..-.
Slu. 1,767— JetVereon.
1.767—1
7119,
2ea
N. 300 30' W.
mo.m
Sta. l,7(i.S— Jeirerson nquare.
i,;(W— 1
7119;
418
N. 820 15' W.
611.80
Sta. l.TOO-Jefleraou, N. end.
1. 7611-1
770,
&a
N. 81° 3.1' W.
&4i.:t.>
J,770— 1
771
364
N. 810 15'W.
fi;t2.s.i
1,771—1
772,
272
N. 330 15; W.
«.V'i.43
l,771i— 1
773,
345
N. 820 00- W.
69:1.08
81a. 1,773— Bridge over H.B.
l,7S8—l
774;
403
8. 6f»0 00' W.
595.09
SlH. 1,774-Je(rer«)ii. [R. B.
1,774—1
775,
435
S. 585 (XI' W.
OOH.Ol
Sta. 1,775-Jetrersoii.
1,775—1
776^
449
S. 560 80' W.
6l4.(!.->
l,77fi — 1
777
331
8. 520 45' W.
603.39
St.1. 1,777— Road to left.
1,777 — 1
778
470
8. 630 15' VV.
6Si.l8
Sta. 1,778— E. FliokingBr'i
1,778 — 1
779,
431
8. 530 30 W.
574.73
ore pita.
1,779—1
730;
272
S. 6.^0 15' W.
677.09
[ore pita.
1,780—1
781,
34S
8. 670 15' W.
569.10
Sta. 1,781— Opp. Shueman-a
BEARING, DISTANCE AND ALTITUDE CALCULATED. C. 17S
STATEMENT— Continued.
o
3
1,781 to 1
1, 782 — 1
1 783 — 1
1,784 — 1
1,785— -1
1 786 — 1
1, 787 — 1
1,788 — 1
1, 789 — 1
1,790 — 1
1, 791 — 1
1,792 — 1
1,793 — 1
1,794 — 1
1, 795 — 1
1,796 — 1
1,797 — 1
1,798 — 1
1,799 — 1
1, 900—1
i, 901 — 1
1,902 — 1
1, 903 — 1
1,904 — 1
1,905 — 1
1, 90^—1
1, 907 — 1
1,908 — 1
1,909 — 1
1,910 — 1
1,911 — 1
1,912 — 1
1,913 — 1
1, 914 — 1
1,915 — 1
1,916 — 1
1,917 — 1
1,918 — 1
1,919—1
1,920—1
1,921-
1> 922 — 1
1,923 — 1
1,924 — 1
1,925 — 1
1,9-26 — 1
1,927 — 1
1,928—1
1,929 — 1
1,930—1
1,931 — 1
1,932 — 1
1,933 — 1
1,934 — 1
,782
,783
,784
,785,
,786
,787
,788
,789
,790,
,791
,792
,793
,794
,795
,796
,797
,798
,799
,900
,901
,902
,903,
,904,
,905
,906
,907
,908
,909:
,910
,911
,912,
,913
,914
,915
,916
,917
,918
,919
,920
,921
,922
,923
,924
,925
,926
,927
,928
,929
,930
,931
,932
,933,
,934
,935
CO
o
o
398
422
410
880
370
405
400
354
368
452
340
475
251
873
417
873
800
828
449
470
403
420
894
315
383
435
525
418
870
401
287
228
891
829
543
271
422
312
370
260
209
410
100
450
415
379
•'56
871
306
825
480
391
411
332
S'
S. 550 16
S. 560 16
S. 66O 15
S. 66OOO
S. 650 00
S. 650 30
8. 650 16
S. 67O00
S. 66O 30
W. 130 00
W. 130 45
W. 100 30
S. 620 15
S. 440 16
w. 4030
w. 7015
W. 210 46
8. 420 80
w. 220 00
W. 210 00
W. 220 30
W. 220 46
W. 210 15
W. 230 30
w. 9000
W. 6O30
w. 7045
W. 40 80
w. 3000
W. 50 15
W. 20 16
W. 60 15
8. 6OOOO
8. 50O 45
W. 120 00
W. 100 00
S. 690 15
8. 420 30
8. 4 10 15
8. 310 45
8. 9000
8. 7030
S. 270 30
8. 330 45
8. SoO 30
8. 410 15
8. 410 16
8. 250 00
8. 310 00
8. 330 00
8. 480 15
8. 300 30
8. 400 00
8. 560 45
W.
w,
w.
w.
w.
w.
w.
w.
a.
8.
8.
w.
w.
8.
8.
8.
W.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
N.
N.
N.
N.
N.
W.
W.
8.
8.
W.
W.
w.
w.
w.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
W.
638.60
647.80
649.60
645.61
663.37
572.20
683.84
674.35
659.04
658.27
652.52
623.12
600.81
4«i».a7
47 '.90
4 0.67
41^.46
519.82
rv.6.59
572.19
5';8.44
6.).'i.91
647.37
624 .M
657.66
680.13
609.43
639.82
642.62
626.88
623.46
602.67
545.11
605.00
024.28
613.71
488.18
485.47
490. »5.
490.20.
490.49
48^.79
494.76
602.37
621.21
632.77
631 .78
6;i0.88
633.21
628.11
521.16
525.80
624.61
512.26
Kemarks.
Sta. 1,795— Bridge oyer C!o-
doruB oreek.
Sta. 1,918— Abont oppo8lt«
Geo. Dupps.
Sta. 1,925— Opp. brickyard.
Sta. 1,982— Road to left.
Sta. 1,933— Store.
Sta. 1,934— Road to right.
*To reduce to mean ooeau level 6.913 most be added
174 C. P. FBAZBR, JR., REPORT OP PROGRESS, 1874.
STATEMENT— Continued,
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
J
J
1
1
1
1
1
1
rr-
o
9
935 to 1
936 — 1
937—1
938—1
939 — 1
940 — 1
941 — 1
942 — 1
943 — 1
944 — 1
945—1
946 — 1
947 — 1
If4o "Xi
949 — ^1
950 — I
951 — 1
952 — 1
953 — 1
954 — 1
955 — 1
956 — 1
957 — 1
958 — 1
959 — 1
960 — 1
961—1
962 — 1
963 — 1
964 — 1
965 — 1
966 — 1
967 — 1
968—1
969 — 1
970 — 1
971 — 1
971 — 1
973 — 1
974 — 1
975 — 1
976 — 1
977 — 1
978 — 1
979 — 1
980 — 1
981 — 1
9ft2 — 1
98; J — 1
m — I
9&) — 1
985 — 1
987 — 1
98S — 1
98i) — 1
990—1
d
^-«
QO
r
*rta
9
59
O
o
«*•
•
•
936,
387
937,
550
938,
191
939,
241
940,
373
941,
400
942,
899
943,
369
MA
340
M5,
344
946,
335
947,
393
948,
436
949,
368
950,
401
951,
898
952,
414
953,
418
954,
315
955,
470
956,
210
957,
415
958,
300
959,
340
960,
520
961,
321
962,
405
963,
867
964,
890
965,
450
966,
412
967,
279
968,
400
969,
424
970,
289
971,
230
972,
242
973,
400
974,
850
975,
375
976,
600
977,
365
978,
896
979,
373
9S0,
448
981,
572
982,
681
983,
270
984,
217
QS5,
4(50
9S6,
164
987,
3S0
9H8,
3)5
989,
433
9)0.
3W
9ru,
420
9
3.
5*
03
s. 530
8. 6OO
8.60^
S. 620
a. 110
8. 120
8. 80
8. 140
8. I60
8. 330
8.290
8. 410
8. 280
8. 50
8, 70
8. 80
8.000
8. 50
8. 60
8. 30
8.
8.
8.
a.
8.
30
50
40
40
10
8.210
8.230
8.210
8.250
8. 230
8.240
s. 200
8. 360
8. 380
8. 44c
W.290
8. 110
w. 100
w. 120
W.290
W.30O
8. 590
8. 6I0
8. 480
8.470
8.590
a. 690
w. 20
w. 50
W.260
w. 170
N. 130
N. 220
W. 50
w. 190
W.260
00' W.
30' W.
00' W.
30' W.
15' W.
00' w.
15' E.
SO' E.
00' E.
30' E.
45' E.
45' E.
30' E.
15' W.
15' W.
00' w.
30' W.
00' W.
80' E.
45' W.
45' E.
80' E.
30' E.
00' E.
00' E.
00' E.
00' E.
45' E.
00' E.
30' E.
45' E.
80 E.
00' W.
15' W.
00' w.
00' 8.
45' W.
00' 8.
00 S.
00' 8.
30' a.
80' W.
00' w.
30' W.
45' W.
30' W.
30' W.
15' N.
45' 8.
30' 8,
46' S.
30' W.
00' w.
15' 8.
00' 8.
30' 8.
* J*
® g*
^9
509.13
576.18
582.85
675.50
688.07
698.43
619.18
623.46
650.15
658.54
669.93
647.10
664.21
676.43
702.66
719.34
733.79
744.49
762.35
779.41
7S0.63
752.91
770.79
795.41
781.79
758.45
753.75
774.01
792.96
820.41
806.86
798.66
809.58
831.76
846.04
837.35
822.37
792.43
768.00
761 .02
777.58
763.78
765.17
790.87
805.83
778.37
766.69
779 .57
779.57
401 .40
501.40
608.81
629.03
615.65
542.52
637.27
Aemarks.
8ta. 1,937— Fork of road*
Sta. 1,940— Boad to right
fi
Sta. 1,053— CroBS-roadflk
Sta. 1,969— Croeshroads, Hbhf
over and Baltimore road.
8ta. 1,972— Hof&oker ore b!lc
Sta. 1,979— Road to left.
Sta. 1,984— E.Bauingardoii«r
Sta. 1,989— Wni. Dubs' laam
to right.
* To reduce to mean ocean level 6.913 must be added.
1
BSABINa, DISTANCE AND ALTITUDB OALOULATED. C. 175
STATEMENT— CONTINUBD.
QD
P
O
1,991 to 1,992,
1,992 — 1,998,
1,993 — 1,994
1,994 — 1,995
1,995 — 1,996
1,996 — 1,997
1,997 — 1,998
1,998 — 1,999
1,999 — ^2,100
2, 100—2, 101
2, 101 — 2, 102
2,102 — ^2,103
2, 103 — 2, 104
2,104 — ^2,105
2, 105 — 2, 1U6
2, 106 — 2, 107
2, 107—2, 108
2, 108 — 2j 109
2,109 — ^2,110
2,110 — 2,111
2,111—2,112
2,112—3,113
2, 118—2, 114
2,114 — ^2,115
2,115 — ^2,116
2,116-2,117
2,117 — 2,118
.2,118—2,119
2, 119 — ^2, 120
2, 120—2, 121
2,121 — ^2,122
2, 122—2, 123
2, 123 — 2, 124
2, 124 — 2, 125
2,125 — ^2,126
2, 126 — 2, 127
2, 127 — 2, 128
2, 128 — 2, 129
2, 129 — 2, 130
2, 130 — 2, 131
2, 131 — 2, 132
2, 132 — 2, 133
2, 133 — 2, 134
2, 184 — 2, i;^5
2, 135 — ^2, 13('>
2, 136 — 2, 137
2, 137 — 2, 138
2, 138 — ^2, 139
2, 139 — ^2, 140
2,140—2,141
2, 141 — 2, 142
2, 142 — 2, 148
2, 143 — ^2, 144
2, 144 — 2, 146
2, 146 — 2, 146
2, 146—2, 147
f
462
801
427
246
210
420
420
899
429
866
518
420
223
496
468
438
420
486
801
450
430
880
413
840
881
289
868
535
490
410
486
460
409
896
428
462
467
428
552
866
810
296
416
468
462
540
230
448
423
506
294
894
850
397
452
821
S
8. 640
R. 630
S. 620
W.280
S. 640
W.230
W.270
W.240
W.20O
W.80O
N. 440
w. 190
w. 170
W. 160
W.20O
W.IOO
W. 60
W. I60
w. 170
W.210
N. 48©
w. 150
w. 120
W.IOO
w. 130
w. 130
w. 110
w. 120
w. 130
W.120
W.I80
N. 480
N.490
N. 50O
N. 6OO
N. 480
N. 510
N. 510
N. 530
W. 50
W.
W.
W.
80
70
60
w. 70
w. 90
w.120
W.IOO
W. no
w. 70
W. 40
w. no
W.220
W.200
W.220
w.220
w.230
00' w.
15 W.
45' W.
80' S.
00' W.
45' R.
80' S.
00' S.
30' X.
15' N.
00' W.
00' N.
00' N.
00 N.
45' N.
00' N.
00' N.
00' N.
00' N.
46' N.
00' W.
00' N.
16' N.
45' N.
46' X.
80' N.
00' N.
00' N.
00' N.
80' N.
80' N.
00' w.
80' W.
00' W.
OO' w.
15' W.
00' w.
00' w.
15' W.
30' S.
45' S.
80' S.
30' S.
15' K.
00' S.
15' S.
45' S.
00' S.
30' 8.
00' 8.
45' N.
15' N.
45' N.
30' N.
00' N.
46' N.
^^1
^9*90
CD <
r
537.27
527.22
524 . 10
533.77
536.21
622.06
609.25
501.36
616.08
6:^.29
572.15
617.64
607.27
596.78
590.61
686.10
608.07
629.00
662.78
6({2.59
664.48
678.62
683.91
701.69
718.76
720.52
699.65
725.65
749.86
738.54
720.01
717.34
689.04
673.08
664.16
644.71
622.99
594.14
566,27
•559.76
566.88
.654.40
550.17
559.81
669.33
587.37
587.51
584.91
686.77
606.62
611.74
6(»5.20
602.64
598.69
694.12
591.83
Remarks.
8ta. 1,996— Croin-roads.
Sta.2, 10(K— Bridge over stream
Sta. 2,106— Road to right.
Sta. 2,11&— Stambangh.
Sta. 2,130— Fork of road.
Sta. 2,132— Cross-roads.
Sta. 2,136— Bridge over raee.
Sta. 2,137— Road to riffht.
Sta. 2,13g— rioad to left.
SU. 2,139— Road to left.
Sta. 2,143— Hanover.
Sta. 2,144— Cross-streets.
Sta. 2,145— Hanover.
Sta. 2,146— Hanover.
Sta. 2,147— Cross-roads.
* To redaoe to mean ooeao level 6.913 must be added.
176 C. p. FRAZER, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874.
STATEMENT— CoNTinirKD,
00
o
D
2, 147 to 2,
2, 148 — 2,
2, 149 — 2,
2, 150 — 2,
2, 161—2,
2, 152 — 2,
2, 153 — 2,
2, 154 — 2,
2, 155 — 2,
2, 156 — 2,
2, 157 — 2,
2, 158 — 2,
2, 159 — ^2,
2, 160 — 2
2, 161 — 2
2, 162 — 2
2, 163 — ^2
2, 164—2
2, 165 — ^2
2, 166 — ^2
2, 167 — 2
2, 168—2
2, 169 — 2
2, 170 — 2,
2, 171—2
2, 172—2
2, 173—2
2, 174—2
2, 175 — 2
2, 176 — ^2,
2, 177 — 2
2, 178 — 2
2, 186 — 2
2,187 — 2
2,188 — 2
2, 189 — 2
2, 190 — 2
2, 191 — 2
2, 192—2
2, 193 — 2
2, 194—2
2, 195—2
2, 196 — 2
2, 197—2
2, 108 — 2
:>, 199—2
1>^ HOO — 2
2,301 — 2
2, 302 — 2
2,303 — 2
2,304 — 2
f , i.^>P — 2
2,3or — 2
2, 307 — 2
148,
149,
150,
151,
152,
153,
154,
155,
156,
157,
158,
159,
160,
161,
162,
163,
164,
165,
166,
167,
168,
169,
170,
171,
172,
173,
174,
175,
176,
177,
178,
187,
188,
189,
190,
191,
192,
193,
194,
195,
196,
197,
198,
199,
300,
301,
302,
303,
304,
305,
306,
307,
308,
r
•
•
•
SL
s
600
W. 220 15' N.
689.73
450
W. 230 00' X.
691 .71
290
S. 540 16' W.
690.87
275
N. 40<^ OO' W.
686.08
415
N. 350 45' W.
682.22
855
N. 360 00' W.
682.72
452
N. 370 00' W.
686.67
420
N. 360 00' W.
694.10
875
N. 270 45' W.
604.16
8:^
N. 210 30' W.
619.59
455
N. 130 45' W.
611.40
268
N. 150 30' W.
601.43
425
N. 120 80' W.
592.76
430
N. I60 15' W.
678.27
415
N. 150 00' W.
671.05
430
N. 120 45' W.
676.94
878
N. 140 00' W.
691.80
405
N. 200 15' W.
682.04
844
N. 220 SO W.
677.53
442
N. 200 15' W.
673.68
672
N. 210 30' W.
677.00
420
N. I80 15' W.
659.06
440
N. 2lO30'W.
647.63
442
N. 210 30' W.
638.65
421
N. 200 15' W.
637.43
870
N. 20^ 00' W.
632.25
366
N. 190 30' W.
629.69
301
N. 220 15' W.
523.64
400
N.17045' W.
622.36
882
N. 80 45'W.
630.69
475
N. 190 15' W.
649.22
857
N. 200 30' W.
531.58
280
N. 200 30' W.
525.56
882
N. 140 15' W.
520.56
419
N. 18^ 45' W..
520.31
8S3
N. 200 15' W.
523.22
810
N. I60 30' W.
6.30.88
420
N. 170 30' W.
550.54
820
N. 170 30' W.
664 40
242
N. 230 GO' W.
654.89
898
N. 2:P 15' W.
5.36.50
419
X. 220 15 W.
633.57
401
N. 22^ (K)' W.
6:14.73
211
N. 220 00' W.
6:^.40
272
N. 2(P 30 W.
525.97
801
E. 30-^ 45' X.
530.00
227
K. 330 45' N.
532.25
313
E. 2*)0 00' N.
545.22
818
E. 32^ 00 N.
557.43
395
N. 240 00' E.
553.0s
625
N. 270 45' E.
577. tU
871
N. 210 30' W.
527.60
870
N. 210 30' W.
531.78
130
N, 90 15' E.
633.52
Remarks.
[
Sta. 2,148— CrooB-roads.
Sta. 2,149— Abbottatown sL
Sta. 2,160— Fountain, Hano-
ver.
Sta. 2,168— Croea-streeta.
Sta. 2,164— H. L. <fe F. R. R.
Sta. 2, 156— Gettyabuzg R. R.
J
Sta. 2,164— Crow-roadfl.
•»
)
I ' •• •
I •
Sta. 2,186— Ck>anty Una
Sta. 2,194— Road to Oxford.
Rta. 2,199— Cross-roads.
Sta. 2,30C— Small lime quar-
ries.
Sta. 2,305— Ore diggings om
Slagle's farm.
[quarry.
Sta. 2,808— Bittinger's L. S.
* To reduce to mean oceau level 6.013 mast be added.
BEARING, DISTANCE AND ALTITUDE CALCULATED. C. 177
STATEMENT— Continued.
c
C3
\
f,.W7to2,309,
U,309 — 2,310,
2,310 — 2,311,
fjloO — ^2,312,
2,312 — ^2,313,
2,313 — 2,314,
2, 314—2, 315,
2,315 — 2,316,
2, 316 — 2, 317,
2,317 — 2,318,
2,318 — 2,319,
2,319 — ^2,320,
2,320 — ^2,321,
2, 321 — ^2, 322,
2,322 — ^2,323,
2,328 — ^2,324,
2,324 — ^2,325,
2,326 — ^2,326,
2,326 — 2,327,
e,S24 — 2,328,
2,328 — ^2,329,
2,329 — 2,330,
2,330 — 2,331,
2,331 — 2,332,
g^l50 — ^2,333,
2,333 — 2,334,
2,334 — 2,3:^5,
2,335 — ^2,3:^6,
2,336 — 2,337,
2,337 — 2,338,
2,338 — 2,339,
2,339 — 2,340,
2,340—2,341,
2, 341 — 2, 342,
2,344 — 2,345,
2,345 — 2,346,
2,346 — 2,347,
2,347 — 2,348,
2,348 — 2,349,
2,349 — ^2,350,
2,350—2,351,
2,351 — 2,352,
2,352 — 2,353,
2,353 — 2,354,
12,354 — ^2,355,
2,355 — 2,3i')6,
2,356 — 2,357,
2, 3,57 — 2, 358,
2,358— .2,359,
2,359 — ^2,300,
2,360 — 2,:i61,
2,361 — 2,362,
2,362 — 2,363,
247
160
670
635
473
647
440
145
425
357
838
326
843
442
423
340
495
435
635
3.(2
880
845
487
258
120
423
475
680
472
305
424
521
607
412
430
372
808
443
338
480
430
413
429
310
680
5J1fO
435
607
380
328
405
831
43«5
430
•1
OQ
S. 660
s. 470
S. 380
s. 350
8. 350
s. 370
S. 360
S. 360
s. 340
s. 370
8. 340
8. 380
8. 350
8. 380
8.350
s. 310
E. I60
E. 120
E. 120
W.280
W. 830
W.260
W.240
W.230
w. 270
W.370
w. 370
W.340
8. 290
8. 340
8. 420
8.440
8.440
8.470
8. 620
8.640
8. 640
W.260
8. 440
8.390
s. 370
8. 870
8. 380
8. 370
8. 280
8. 170
8.430
8. 440
8. 470
8. 440
8.450
8. 440
8. 440
8. 480
30
00
30
00
15
30
46
46
46
16
46
80
30
30
45
00
00
30
46
45
00
30
00
46
15
30
15
00
45
15
00
45
00
00
30
00
45
45
30
00
30
45
30
00
00
15
30
00
00
45
30
00
46
80
W.
w.
w.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
E.
N.
N.
N.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
a.
8.
S.'
w.
w.
w.
w.
w.
w.
w.
w.
w.
8.
w.
w.
w.
w.
w.
w.
w.
w.
w.
w.
w.
w.
w.
w.
w.
w.
^ •^* CD
© '5*
o
623.46
522.95
618.62
684.82
683.69
691.08
600.94
601.78
697 .70
693.67
692.18
692.64
697.84
606.69
622 .43
636.59
623.07
616.37
606.58
646.72
656.68
663.68
640.43
047.11
688.78
586.92
680.70
569.91
657.97
657.36
656.13
653.84
652.98
649.97
648.08
646.36
644.47
640.88
642.27
669.09
666.98
566.15
569.88
579.18
604 99
601 04
607.22
605.90
607.67
604.62
691.80
687.66
678.19
676.95
Remarks.
[quarry,
Sta. 2,310— Bittinger^s L. 8.
Sta. 2,311— J. WTHendrioks'
8U. 2,312— Wat'r St. [quarrie«
8ta. 2,318— Hanover cross sU
Sta. 2,614— Street to right.
Sta. 2,316— Street to left.
Sta. 2,317— Street to right.
Sta. 2,321— Road to left.
Sta. 2,327— Bauman's open-
ing, Fliokinger's ore bank*
Sta. 2,330— Delone*s ore b'k.
Sta. 2,332— Forney's ore b'k.
[streets.
Sta. 2,334— Hanover, cross-
8ta. 2,335— Street to right.
Sta. 2,337— Tannery.
Sto. 2,341— Road to left.
Sta. 2,845:-Road to right,
Mudtown.
Sta. 2,348— Cross-roads.
[school house.
Sta. 2,367— Cross-roads and
Sta. 2,358— Schwartz's ore
bank.
Sta.2,361— Schwartz's(Sam. >
bank, No. 2.
* To reduce to mean ocean level 6.913 must be added.
12— c.
178 C. P. FBAZKR, IK-f EEPOET OP PROGRESS, 1874.
8TATESIENT— CoaTniOKD.
1
?
1 "
Iff
1
5-
F
«
Remarks.
2, 393 to 2, 354,
340
w. 340 m s.
585.74
2,354— 2, 3«*.
873
W.27000H.
St* 2,3il5-^Schwait«-8(Sol.>
2,3rt3 — 2,3ft!,
439
a. 570 00' w.
600.79
bank.
2; 36ft— 2; 3.17,
3.>5
S. 640 ^5' w.
601.29
2,367—2,3(18,
879
8. 540 00- W.
613.95
2.3r- " -w.
.270 .
S. 560 av w.
2,3* U
415
S. 540 30' W.
fii5;2«
2:3; 'i;
397
S. 560 301 w.
601 .40
Sta. 2,S71-Slato quarry, SoU
2.3; '2,
3flO
8. 530 30' W.
5*! .33
Sohwarti-B.
2:3; %
18.?
8. 520 ib' W.
6*J,38
2,3; '4,
410
W. J50 80' S.
67a. 83
tr. '^
305
W. 12° 43' S.
670.18
2,3; '6,
465
W. 150 45' S.
666.55
Sta. 2,376-Bridge over mill
2^3; 7
3K0
fl. 520 30' W.
651.90
2,3; '8,
400
8. 4«o 45' W.
655.38
2^3; e.
828
H. 490 SO' W.
652.99
2,3; »,
890
a. l|o 30' W.
5.57.63
2^3> 11
665
w. no 30' s.
5;-«.27
Sia. 2,SS3-Boyer'9 (David>
2^3. t2^
2,31*1—2,383,
750
W. 11° 00' H.
587.85
»»
8, 2O00'W.
390.96
Sta. .!,383— Buyer's sbaUow
t.SJtO — 2,384,
342
8. 11° 30 W.
5115.39
diKiiinire.
2,384— ^,»85.
420
8. 6° 30' E.
370 26 Sta. 2,385— Bojer's lane.
2,3S.i— 2,3(M,
263
S. 000 3i>' K.
578.83
2,3*1—2,387,
440
8. 470 45 W.
609 .34
2,3HT— 2,»«,
3,388— 2, a-W.
2,889— 3, Sno,
450
17B
8. 65° 30' W.
H. 56° 30' W.
815 J6
8ta. 2,389— Road to right.
Sla. 2,390— Road to left.
370
S. 250 (W W.
601.22
2,390—2,31)1,
519
8. 62° 00' W.
«:i7.71
3,391—2,392,
213
8. 45° 30- W.
6.18. .58
J. 5^/— 1,842,
420
377
8. 6|0 15' W.
8. 6OO 30' W.
63-1.89
621.07
Sta. 1,843-Fork of road-
l,>Hi—l,i»3,
440
8. 41° 15' E.
615.14
],(M3— l,8J4,
490
, 8. 37° 45' E.
1,844 — l,»i5,
S. 46° 00' E.
674.56
], 94 5— 1,846,
413
8. 41° 00- B.
mi.v
l,81fl— 1,817,
390
8. 35° 30' R.
6s;i.50
1,847—1,848,
69r.
S. 370 (KF E.
678,-50
1.848—1,849,
430
K. 243 3,)' H.
n8J.76
1.849— 1,«SU,
685
R, 203 w s.
7l«,78
1,850— 1,&-.1,
1,852,
267
E. 20° 3U' H.
707.78
684.97
674,05
8ta. 1,852— Lefevers ore Ope-
1.8.^2— i.sra,
'"406"
■fi-'aft^'i-Vw.'
nings.
1.85." ■ "-(,
224
a. 540 30' w.
1H& i,
257
W. 2(P 43' 8.
676,12
i;«.^
2:10
S. 480 00' W.
1,8a I,
373
S. 62° 00' W.
H89.49
1,85 i.
146
w. I9J mi' a.
1,81 ).
W. 150 30' X.
697.82
1, 8i' >,
SMO
N. Oio Off W.
7117.78
t.Sii — l!86l.
im
W. 150 15' 8.
612.53
1,861- 1,W12.
445
W. 15° 00' 8.
601.12 ' SU. 1,802— Road to left.
1,862—1,8113,
400
W. 10° 00' 8.
582.24 \
i,863— l.HW,
485
W, 9°45'S.
671.67 , Sta. 1,864— Road to left.
J, 864 — 1,803,
284
W. 1030'S.
675.66
*To reduoe to mean ocean level 6.913 u
SBABISQ, DISTANCE AKD ALTITUDE CALCULATED. C. 17J
STATEMENT— CosTiNUBD.
i
\
00
o
1,866 to 1,866,
1,868 — 1,867,
1,867 — 1,868,
1, 868 — 1, 869,
1,86ft- 1,870,
1,870 — 1,871,
1,871 — 1,872,
1, 872—1, 873,
1, 873 — 1, 874,
1,874 — 1,875,
1,873 — 1,876,
1, 876 — 1, 877,
1, 877 — 1, 878,
1,878 — ly896,
l^Sm — 1,897,
1,897 — 1,898,
1,898 — 1,899,
1,899 — 2,000,
2, 000—2, 001,
2, 001 — 2, 002,
2,002—2,003,
2,003 — ^2,003',
J,*P7— 2,004,
2,004 — ^2,005,
2, OOo — ^2, 006,
2, 006 — 2, 007,
2,007 — 2,008,
2,008 — ^2,009,
2,009 — ^2,010,
2, 010—2, 01 1,
2,011—2,012,
2,012 — 2,013,
2,018 — ^2,014,
2,014 — ^2,015,
2, 015 — 2, 016,
2, 016—2, 017,
2,017 — ^2,018,
2,018 — 2,019,
2,019 — 2,020,
2, 020 — 2, 021,
2,021 — 2,022,
2, 022— r2, 028,
2,023 — ^2,024,
2, 024 — 2, 025,
tySSA — 1,87%
1,879 — 1,880,
1,880 — 1,881,
1,881 — 1,882,
1, 882—1, 883,
1, 883 — 1,.8S4,
1,884 — 1,885,
1,885 — 1,886,
1,886 — 1,887,
1,887 — 1,888,
818
420
390
430
450
384
364
440
430
380
590
351
224
274
500
195
412
800
450
615
185
700
542
434
240
830
440
445
860
470
440
874
432
676
312
550
381
525
283
373
880
210
407
307
.390
342
367
520
897
450
435
475
840
685
0:
3*
W. 5O00'S.
a 7030'w.
N. 410 45' W.
W. 260 00' S.
W. 140 30' N.
W. 170 30' S.
W. 120 00' S.
W. 130 30' S.
S. 20 00' E.
8.
W.
50 30' E.
50 15' N.
N.
N.
N.
N.
W. 200 30'
W. 190 45'
W. 190 00'
w. 9015'
S. 6I0 15' W.
S. 3<^00'W.
S. 370 00 W.
8. 43 16' W.
8. 6O30'W.
8. 23 00'E.
8. 50 30' E.
W. 6O00'N.
w. 7045'N.
W. 60 30' N.
W. 00^ 45' 8.
W. 260 00' 8.
W. 250 30 8/
W. 250 16' 8.
W. 230 16' 8.
W. 250 00' 8.
W. 240 00' 8.
W. 170 45' 8.
W. I80 45' 8.
W. I80 30' 8.
W. 210 46' 8.
W. 270 15' 8.
W. 260 00' 8.
W. 270 00' 8.
W. 250 45 S.
W. 270 15' 8.
,W. 240 30' 8.
W. 270 00' 8.
W. 260 00' 8.
8. 420 15' E.
8. 360 00' E.
8. 350 45' E.
8. 350 30' E.
8. 360 15' E.
8. 360 30' E.
8. 330 00' E.
8. 250 15' E.
8. 240 45' E.
S. 240 00' E.
»»..•-• CD
*- rrao
KemarkfBu
594.04
592.11
615.90
618.65
627.16
623.82
622.87
614.16
640.39
641.68
607.79
603.72
604.64
605.53
604.38
604.38
606.40
622.27
634.82
634.82
632.14
650.48
610.34
4518.54
622.38
617.69
615.27
614.74
614.13
616.06
619.49
628.20
626.21
623.85
621.14
624.33
628.33
625.28
618.46
611.97
618.16
621.45
616.39
624.43
627.87
636.01
660.34
676.36
677.27
686.32
706.16
726.21
735.90
745.96
Sta. 1,867— Early, Killinger
«fe Co.'s banks.
8ta. 1,875— Lefever's ore b*k,
Sta. 1,876— Hoad to left.
Sta. 1,896— Road to right.
8ta. 1,897— Hanover, Littles-
town, Frederick railroad.
Sta. 2,000— Limestone quar-
ries.
[bank.
Sta. 2,003— Widow Clark's
Sta. 2,003'— Widow Clark'*
bank.
Sta. 2,007— Road to riglit.
Sta. 2,010 — Bonnaaghtown
road.
Sta. 2,014— Opposite Spang-
ler's (Chas.)
Sta. 2,020— Cross-roads.
Sta. 2,023— Cross-streets. ) r H
Sta. 2,024— Cross-streets. ^ -- ^
Sta. 2,025— Cross-streets.
Iff
*To reduce to mean ocean level 6.918 must be added.
180 C. p. FRAZEB, JR., REPORT OP PROGRESS, 1874.
ST ATEM ENT— Con ti m ced.
^" ■
5
S"
^^«
1
S
s
Pl
. :
i
«
740.78
Remarlca.
l.JWSto 1,889,
490
8. 250 00' E.
],S8!)_1,8!I0,
SW
S. 210 oi)' E.
748.15
1,890—1,891,
305
8. 10° 00' E.
743.73
1,891 — 1,892,
svt
8. 103 00' K.
747 .74
8ta. 1,892— Road to left.
1,892—1,893,
230
8. 8= 45' E.
758.43
Sui. l,90',^Rosd to rlgbt.
1,893— 1,8»J,
255
8. 60 16'K.
759.39
1,8M— 1,893,
206
8. 40 46'W.
7S2.54
[tlCHtOWD.
f,«^— 2,02e,
805
W. 2flO 45' S.
622.54
2,028— 2, UJ7,
2S0
w.as-'oo'S.
6-J4.:w
SU. 2,0-i7-CroaHitrMta, LiU
2,027— 2, IRB,
405
W. 200 00' S.
636.87
tloMown.
Soai— 2>J9;
231
W.270 15'8.
635.03
2,029— 2, OW,
615
W. 2''S0'S.
639.91
goao-^osi;
412
W. 40 15' N.
624.78
2,031-2,0*2,
m
W, 7O00'N.
626.90
2,033— 2, 0:«,
*is
W, 7° »V N.
683.99
2,033 — a, 034,
500
W. 40 45' N.
631.58
2,0*1— a, 035,
ato
W. 70*VS.
631.82
SU. 2,035-Gettyibui^ pllM.
2,oja— 2,o:w,
298
W. 130 00' S.
640.10
2,0:10—2,037,
480
W. 2SO 00' 8.
623.43
2,037 — 2,033,
426
8. 2.(0 45' W.
612.07
2,039—2,0:19,
450
8. 210 00' W.
010.68
SU. 2,039-Eoad to right
2,039—2,010,
620
8. 410 45' W.
606.93
2,040—2,041,
3<i»
8. 440 00' W.
603.86
2,041—2,013,
450
K. 44a 30' W.
601.07
2,01:!— 2,013,
S. 440 00' W.
602.80
2,043—2,014,
434
8. 430 45' W.
606.82
2,044—2,015,
2,04»— i!,W'i,
414
420
8. 43J 30' W.
8. 51° 00' W.
604.06
616.04
2,041 — a, 017,
819
8. 580 30 W.
606.57
2, 047—2, 048,
247
8. 340 00' W.
613.81
2,019—2,049,
409
8. 350 00' W.
615.41
tm—ioM.
469
R. 280 15' w.
607.01
2,050—2,051,
481
8. 310 15- W.
581.57
Sta. 2,061— Road to rigbt.
2,051— a,o.-.2,
660
a. 31° 30' W.
680.23
2,052—2,053,
700
8. 29° 80' W.
551.09
Sta. 2,053— CnMe-rooda
2,058-^,064,
B. 370 00' W.
653.20
340
8. B20 00' W.
549.94
a,aM-j,oo«.
800
8. 26° 45' W,
535.45
420
8. 14° 30' W.
622.84
2,067—2,069,
803
8. 220 30' W.
632.94
2,06M— 2,069,
397
S. 49a 30 W.
5:>a.66
2; 059— 2:000:
390
S. 450 45' W.
651.37
Sta. 2,0SO-MaiylaDdUD«.
t,o47—a,o(ti,
812
8. 60^ 00' E.
810.45
2,081— 2,0*2,
635
S. 510 3u' E.
585.53
2,0fr 3,06s,
494
S. 170 00' E.
681.40
"AW. 2,084,
700
S. 15° 30' E.
672.07
2, Of 3,0fl&,
MO
8. 69° 00- E.
672.81
S,Oe 3,08*1,
770
8. 60° 30' E.
696.79
2,W 2; 087:
442
S. 570 00' E.
650.73
Sta. 2,067— Bend in lOAd.
2,0t 3,088,
695
B. aio 16' W.
623.31
2,m s',m.
393
8. 31° 00' E.
618.80
2,0( 2,070,
110
S. 370 00' E.
623.42
■A 03 2; 071:
].<)2
S. 210 46' E,
640.67
2,05 2,072,
190
8. 67° 46' E.
548.89
*To reduoe to mean ocean level 6.913 must be added.
BEARING, DISTANCE AND ALTITUDE CALCULATED. C. 181
STATEMENT— Continued.
GO
r*-
SB
o
2;072to2
2, 073 — 2
t^070 — 2,
2,075 — 2
2,076—2
2,077 — 2
2,078 — 2
2,079 — 2,
2,080 — 2
2, OSl — 2
2,082 — 2
2,083 — ^2
2,084 — 2
2,086 — ^2
2,086 — 2
2,087 — 2
2,088 — 2
2,089 — 2
2,090 — ^2
2,091 — 2
2,092 — 2
2,093 — 2
2,094 — 2
2,096 — 2,
2,096 — 2,
2, 097—2,
2,098 — 2,
2.099 — 2,
2,200 — 2,
£, 200 — 2,
2,202 — 2,
2,203 — 2,
2,204 — 2,
2, 205 — 2,
2,206 — ^2,
2,207 — 2,
2,208 — 2,
2,209 — 2,
2,210 — 2,
2,211 — 2,
2,212 — 2,
2,2ia— 2,
2,214 — 2,
2, 215 — 2,
2,216 — 2,
2,217 — 2,
2,218 — 2,
2,219 — 2,
2,220 — 2,
.2,221 — 2,
2,222 — 2,
2,223 — 2,
2,224 — 2,
2,225—2,226,
,073,
,074,
,075,
,076,
,077,
,078,
,079,
1,080,
,081,
,082,
,083,
,084,
,085,
,086,
,087,
,088,
,089,
,090,
,091,
,092,
, 093,
,094,
,095,
,096,
,097,
,098,
,099,
,200,
,201,
,202,
,203,
1,204,
, 205,
,206,
,207,
,208,
,209,
,210,
,211,
,212,
,213,
,214,
,215,
,216,
,217,
,218,
,219,
,220,
,221,
,222,
,223,
, ^jjif
»225,
o
345
700
380
365
620
530
302
570
35:5
560
410
365
360
283
382
547
570
370
101
217
175
422
290
4t'>2
700
500
585
540
512
445
265
360
510
495
300
l>t^
6.t>
612
312
640
522
455
246
445
830
330
350
400
5:^5
460
208
420
700
s
S. 4 10 00' E.
646.79
S.
230 00' E.
568.77
E.
. 3000'N.
523.55
E.
. 30 30' S.
627.3,1
E.
. 0^45'N.
559.57
E.
. 8O30'N.
584.80
E.
. 20 00' S.
599.33
E.
. no 30' S.
515. :W
E.
. I80 00' s.
518.93
E
. 150 30' S.
623.95
E
. 7030'S.
641.99
E
. 130 15 S.
651.55
E
. 2:^0 45' N.
646.52
E
. 250 15 N.
640.24
E
. 220 45' N.
em. 25
E
. I60 15' S.
637.12
E
. 170 00' s.
649.34
E.
. 170 00 s.
660.42
E
. 270 15' S.
659.77
E.
. 70 15' S.
cm .98
E
.250 30' S.
669.3t'>
E.
. 13^ 30' S.
681.43
E
. 90 30' S.
• 079.94
E
. 3046'S.
676.76
E
, 20 45' S.
651.91
E
. 40 00' s.
6l>0.95
E.
. 30 WJ' s.
617.35
S,
8^ 30' E.
599.15
s.
. O^OO'E.
585.43
E.
10^ 30' S.
615.70
E.
. 220 30' N.
633.64
E,
90 30' S.
652.47
E.
, 120 45' S.
637.93
E
. 120 00' S.
641.79
E.
. 12=> 15' S.
642.57
S.
. 63 30' E.
676.81
E
. 5030'S.
682.63
E.
. 23 30'S.
696.^
E.
. 3330'S.
712.61
E
. 3^30'S.
718.41
E.
. 33 00* S.
742.60
E.
. 20 45' S.
730.18
E.
. 2^ 00' S.
728.18
N.
. 60 00' E.
737.85
N.
, 50 45' E.
739.14
E.
. 10 45'N.
749.21
E.
. loi5'N.
750.07
1:
. 33(K)'N.
739.88
E
:: 00' N.
741.16
V,
. -^ 3<i'N.
755.61
E.
. 2^ ir>' N.
752.94
E
. 4r>^(K) s.
742.83
E
. 2<M 15' S.
762.11
E.
. 4030'S.
764.98
Remarks.
Sta. 2,074— ^laryland line.
Sta. 2,098— Baltimore pike.
Sta. 2,201— Maryland line.
Sta. 2,205— Mill-dam.
Sta. 2,207— Bend in road.
Sta. 2,2u8— Bend in road.
Sta. 2,216— Bend in road.
Sta. 2,217— Bend in road.
*To reduce to mean ocean level 6.913 must be added.
182 C. P. FRAZEK, JB., REPOBT OF PEOOEBBS, 1874
STATEMENT— CoMTlNOBD.
1
9
?
,«-|
1
It«mmrki.
1
': ES
a,22eto2,22T,
3ft7
E. 40 00' 8.
766.87
St>. 2,22a-Cri)M-nMds.
i,'ia—2,-22».
7oe
E. 7° 00' a.
778.97
2,ai8— a,2i9,
wo
E. 27° 30' 8.
776.33
a,ai»-^a30,
175
E. SaM'H.
772.31
a,2W— 2,£tl,
i's
E. 16° 00' N.
776.17
2,asi^^.i:i2,
414
N. 450 00' E.
766.29
2|aa2— 2,aa3,
635
N. 390 15' E.
751.96
S,a33— !{,334,
770
N. 2030'W.
750.88
Sta. 2,234— Bsir'a oponlug.
»,.wfl— 2,aa5,
420
N. 0O45'W.
648.83
aassIISa*)
610
N. floOO'W.
696.01
3^3*1—4417,
290
N. 193 00' W.
709.73
2.2S7— 2.288,
505
N. 3«°00'W.
688,35
2, ass— 2,239,
630
N. 8.1° 15' W.
667.30
Sasft— 2;3H^
640
N. 330 45' W.
661.28
2,-iia— 2,a4i,
»16
N. 330 30' W.
641,41
2,241— 2, a?.
570
N. 33= 00' W.
637.88
2,243— a, IMS.
130
641.50
2,24^—2,244,
645
n! 320 30' W.
667.64
a,a*t— 2,345,
490
N. 330 30' W.
668.80
2,-.S4&— 2,Si4ft,
590
N. 330 00' W,
653. 10
2,34«I^ai7.
405
N. 330 15' W.
620.51
2,a47— 3,34H,
3K8
N. 410 00' W.
695.30
2,1!18— 2,24»,
650
N. 403 IS- W.
673.97
2,249—3,4.0,
695
N. 41° 16' W.
686.90
2,260 — 2,2r>l,
600
N. 40O 45' W.
698.18
2.2.>1_2,2.^>2.
6S5
N. 40O 00' W.
616.69
Hta. 2,253— iattl««owii/
3,262 — 2,253,
425
N. 420 00' W.
619.58
Sta. 2,aiS— H. L. 4 F. R. B.
^2nl^^
475
N. 400 30' W.
629.30
Sta. 2,254— CrosB^treets.
£2511^2*.
285
K. 2fiO 00' W.
624.43
Sta. 2,256— CroaMtreeta.;
i^»i»-!^^aw
810
N.2.P45'W.
607.04
Sla. 2,256— CrosMoads. .
2,2.16—2,257,
a,2.-jr— 2,25''
630
410
N. 340 00' W.
N. 3.-.= 15 W.
695.80
691.80
Sta. 2,258— Bead to right.
3, a.'iS— 2,2.^1
610
N. 940 15' W.
681.40
a,a.i9-^2rt
319
N. 3:10 BO' W.
683.00
3;aBoI^2.i
ftl7
X. 3:i3 46' W.
694.65
2,a«l— 2,2ii
272
N. aa-J 30' w.
695.75
2,202—2,2(1
620
N. 3:P 15' w.
679.11
2,2i«— a,2l[
490
X, 343 30' W.
694.06
2, am — 2.2H
220
N. «03 45' W.
60.j,26
2,»Wi^2rt
IMO
W. 140 45' N.
688.38
2;a>-i^2.i
475
W. HO 30' N.
661,45
A^'?— ^2il
4S0
W. 150 00' S.
6.i5.2i!
2|2.«-i;2.i
SI2
W. 150 00' N.
676.73
a,2(W-^27'
140
W. 24° 00- N.
586.82
Sta. 2.270— Utne kiln.
i;«a5^27
4.'-<0
8. flOSO'W.
744.61
2,271—2,27
4n5
S. flOSO'W.
738.94
2,273-^27
450
S. 50 3.)' W.
740.35
2,273-^27
437
8. 7:>45'W,
751.04
2,274-2,27
noo
8. B0 45'W.
7'».04
2,275—2,^7
460
South.
766. S3
2,2711—2,27
467
S. 20 30' E.
767.10
2,277-2,^7
S3.^
S. 10 SO' R.
768.64
2,27S— 2,27
410
8. 7'0 OO' E.
755.36
2;27»-.2;23
1G5
S. 11" 00' E.
756.19
* To raduoe to maan ocaaa level S.913 must be added.
BEARING^ DISTANCE AND ALTITUDE CALCULATED. C. 18S
STATEMENT— CONTINUBD.
OQ
ST
o
p
2,280to2,281,
2,281 — 2,282,
2,282—2,283,
2,2a3 — ^2,284,
2,284 — 2,285,
2,285 — 2,286,
2,2»1 — 2,287,
2, 287 — 2, 288,
2, 288^—2, 289,
2,289 — ^2,290,
2, 290 — 2, 291,
2, 291 — 2, 292,-
2, 292 — 2, 293,
2, 294 — 2, 295,
2,295—2,296,
2, 296 — 2, 297,
2, 297 — 2, 298,
2,298 — ^2,299,
2, 299 — 2, 400,
2,400 — 2,401,
2, 401 — 2, 402,
2,402 — 2,403,
2,403 — 2,4(H,
2,404 — 2,405,
2,405 — ^2,406,
2,406 — 2,407,
2,407 — 2,408,
2,408 — ^2,409,
2,409 — 2,410,
2,410 — 2,411,
2,411 — 2,412,
2,412 — ^2,413,
2,413 — 2,414,
2,414 — 2,415,
2,415 — 2,410,
2,416 — 2,417,
2,417 — 2,418,
2,418 — 2,419,
2,419 — 2,420,
2,420 — 2,421,
2,421 — 2,422,
2,422 — 2,423,
2,423 — 2,424,
f , S(f7 — 2, 425,
2,425 — 2,426,
2,42r — 2,427,
2,427 — 2,428,
2,428 — 2,429,
2,429 — 2,430,
2,430 — 2,431,
2,431 — 2,432,
2, 432 — 2, 433,
:2,433 — 2,434,
tJ
b^
._..— w
•
s
a
a
Sr^S^
Vi
'*jr.3
s
. p,gD
: og.
•
•
345
8. 270 00' E.
1
761 .71
500
8. 830 45' E.
789.31
840
8. 320 30' E.
7&i.38
506
8. 320 30' E.
772.59
490
8. 320 00' E.
774.75
492
8. 320 00' E.
761.17
415
8. 2(50 00' E,
758.26
400
8. 160 00' E.
772.78
448
8. 150 30' E.
757.82
530
8. 180 15' E.
753.21
410
8. 170 15' E.
771.09
402
8. 280 30' E.
779.85
440
8. 220 30' E.
810.91
400
8. 240 00' E.
832.43
280
S. 250 00' E.
851.30
410
8. 320 30' E.
824.36
470
8. 320 00' E.
829.81
243
8. 330 00' E.
842.03
426
a. 340 30' E.
824.44
410
8. 330 30' E.
828.50
660
8. 3:^0 00' E.
848.83
430
8. 460 30' E.
833.82
471
8. 530 00' E.
813.14
460
8. 640 30' E.
819.81
278
8. 61° 30' E.
834.77
450
8. 550 00' E.
858.31
750
8. 520 30' E.
8<30.04
720
E. 210 00' 8.
824.04
890
E. 220 00' 8.
808.71
535
E. 200 30' 8.
782.28
510
S. 480 00' E.
771.16
560
8. 450 00' E.
798.04
800
8. 4()0 00' E.
814.52
605
8. 230 00' E.
W7.61
700
8. 200 00' E.
857.76
619
S. 10 00' E.
875.77
565
8. 00 30' E.
869.67
491
8. 270 30' E.
891.08
548
8. 440 00' E.
936.46
218
8. 40O 30' E.
950.14
500
8: 370 00' E.
935.29
515
8. 360 00' 1:.
943.07
435
S. 340 00' E.
969.61
187
8. 40O 30' E.
968.36
389
X. 220 45' W.
637 .42
290
N. 220 00' W.
646.03
612
N. 2:30 00' W.
643.78
424
X. 220 15' W.
640.35
610
N. 230 00' W.
661.11
430
N. 210 30 W.
645.37
520
N. 210 00' W.
646.67
362
N. 210 30' W.
651.20
455
N. 23O00'W.
666.49
880
N. 210 30' W.
672.56
Kemarka.
Sta. 2,288-Itoad to left.
Sta. 2,406— CiOflB-roodB.
8ta. 2,421— Road to left.
Sta. 2,424^Marylaxid lin0»
* To reduce to mean ooean level 6.913 must be added.
184 C. p. FBAZER, JR., REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1874.
STATEMENT— CONTIinJEii.
2,«
2,4a
2,43
2,43
2,43
2,44
«,«
2,44
2,44
■N
220 00" W
687
N
22O00'W
660
N
220 15'W
664
N
22O00' W
678
N
aoo30'w
701
N
21° 45' W
N
sio 00' w
696
W
aoosa's.
574
H
2O00'E.
667
H
40 45' W
64S
Bta. 2,441-C. OUsb'.
In order to prevent the use of the Bame nambers for different
etations where topographical work was being performed by Mr,
Xiehman and me at the eame time in distant parte of the fields
the plan was adopted of designating Mr. Lehman's note books
by even nambers, and all stations in them by the current num-
bers of even hundreds. Thus the next station to 299 would
be 400, Ac. My own note books bore the odd numbers, and
the stations in them were in the odd hundreds (199 — 300, &cy
When it was convenient, for any cause, to eschange note-
hooks, the series waa ma^le odd or even, depending upon the-
number of the book. The numbers remaining unused, towards
the close of the season were employed indiscriminately by Mr.
Lehman.
• To reduoe to meau ooeon level 6.618 mnM be added.
INDEX.
V
FAOB.
Abloh'8 analysis of Sorrento Dolomite , Ill
Abbotstown road ore pits 64
Absence of fossils. 79
Adams ooanty, traps of the Mesozoic Sandstone in 115, 128
Adams and York oonnties, origin of brown hematite in, 137-143 ; ix>8i-
tlon of iron minerals from whioh derived, 138 ; pyrites in nnderly-
ing slate, 139-141 ; Dr. T. S. Hunt's theory, 38, 143 ; Dr. R. M. S.
Jackson's, 143 ; Rogers' theory, 141 ; Prof. Shepard's 88, 143
Adularia 123
AhPs ore 75
Alphabetical list of ore banks 5-9
Allison's mill limestone, 96,97, 101 ; analysis of. 112, 113
Altland's, Dan'l 114
Ancient crystalline rocks. Dr. Hunt on origin of ore in 141
Apatite '. 125-127
Area of York limestone 136
Argillite 24,79,81,82,83,89
Arrangement of ore and rock collection 3, 4, 144-160
Asbestiform slates, 26 ; rocks 114
AsbestusC?) ,. 114,116
Ashland Iron Co.'s banks 45,58,63, 66
Ashland Iron Co.'s ftimace 63
Augite of the Rhone, analysis by Klaproth, 120; its resemblance to
West Rock, Connecticut Valley 120
Auroral limestone, 18,68,80,104,112,130,136,137,142; origin and depo-
s'tionof, 132,140; its physical and chemical differences, 135; floor
of. 134; contemporaneity of, with the schists, 140; relation to ores, 142
Average percentage of Dillsburg ores 74
Average compositions of Basic and Acidic rooks, ( Cotta, ) 116, 119
Average composition of Pryoxenicand Trachytic rocks, (Bunsen,). . 117, 118
Bachman Junction, H. B. R. R 77,99, 100
Baohman Valley R. R 16
Baer ' s farm J 06
Bahn, Mr 47
Bahn <fe Stoner's bank 54
Baltimore sl.ite Co 82
Bank (westoru) of Susquehanna river, structure of rocks along, 131 ;
occurrence of fault, 132; H. D. Rogers' section, from Wrightsville
to Havre de Grace 78,104,134
Banl^s, catalogue of. 1-8
[ a 185 ]
18G C. INDEX.
Baryta 67,68
Iiarcroft'8 (Dr. J. W.) bank 23
Bariey*8 (Christian) bank 2S
Bafle lines run with transit 164^ 184
Basic and Aoidio Igneous rooks of Cotta, 116, 119
Bastard limestone 100
Bauman's (A.) bank .% 6S
Bauinan^s (Juo.) pit 40
Bauman (Henry It.), 29; farm 40
1 techters banks 59, 60
Boobters (Geo.) pit 55
Bedding, cleavage and strike of rooks at Wrightsville 184, 135
Beeler's, Croas-roads, 89,02,95; dolerite, 89,92,05,122, under the mi-
croHoope, 126-130 ; limestone, 133 ; Mesoasolc sandstone, 92, 124 ; trap, 6t
Belt of Brown Hematite, Central 2, 130
Belt of Menozoic Sandstone in Connecticut 118
Benade, (Mr.) 67, 64 ; analysis ftirnished by 41
Bonade's (Mr.) shaft, 16 ; quarry, 101 ; limestone. ... 1 133
Bender's bank 75
lienson and Cottreirs banks 50,51,52,60,09,70
liessemer steel iron 65
liig Round Top 125
Bittinger's (H.) limestone quarry 101
jiiaoic KocK station, !>• v • i\» r** .••■•■......•.••.....••..........•.....• 19
Blacksmith shop, (Harman*s) asbestus near, 114; ore in fields, near
Winter's 5S
Blessinger's banks 49
Bollinger's (J. & D.) bank 88,65,57
Bomgardner's (Eli) pre 10
]k>ok8 of the Survey, field notes, 8
Botryoidal hematite 24, 134, 137
Boyer's (David) bank 48
Beyer A Sbbwartz's banks 40
Breithaupt compass « . ▼
Brillhart'a bank, 13,94,96,98, 111,133; station 15,94
Briiiinger's bank 28
Britton's (J. Blodgett) analyses 14, 61, 64, 65
Brown Hematite (Limonite) Central Belt of, 2, 130 ; Centre and Hun-
tingdon counties, 143; concretionary, 17, 137; botryoidal, 24, 134,
137; in cubes, 65, 99; conditions of its production and deposition,
142; deposits til Lancaster county, 141; honey-combed, 14; manga-
niferous, 137 ; occurrence, 9, 11-16, 18-28, 37, 43, 44, 46, 50-58, 60-65,
106, 108, 133, 134 ; Psoudomorphs after pyrite, 137 ; relation to lime-
stone, 141, 142 ; shelly, 12, 58 ; stalaotitic, 24, 134 ; origin of, 1st hy-
pothesis, 138; 2d, 139-141; Dr. T. S. Hunt's theory, 38, 143; Dr.
Jackson's, 143 ; H. D. Rogers*, 141 ; Prof. Shepard*s. 88, 148
Brooks & Co.'s bank 45
Bryan & Longenacker's banks 48
Brj'an's (Geo. ) bank , 45
Buyer's (Sam'l) bank 58
Buhn's (J.; pit 52
Bull's Run 77
J
INDEX. C, 187
PAOB.
Buirs Run limestone , 85, 87, 89
Bunsen's classes of Igneous rocks 117, 118
Bnrg*8 (Reuben) bank 19
Butcher's bank ores 134
Cabin Branch Run 85, 87, 180
Calcite in geodes and veins, 98, 99, 107, 111, 140
Calcareous slates 88, 85, 93, 98, 99
Cambrian (Upper) limestone valleys 15
Cameron Co.'s bank 12
Campbell's (Jno. H.) analyses 105, 114, 115
Carter washer 52
Case's (W. G.) bank 12
\ ' Cassalt's trap 125
Catalogue of banks 2-9
Catalogue of specimens 8, 4, 144-164
Cemetery Hill 124*
Centre and Huntingdon counties, limonites of 143
Central Brcnvn Hematite Belt 2, 130
Chemical and physical differences in York limestones 135
Chemical and optical properties of Mesozoic Trap 11&-128
Chemical and Geological Essays, Dr. T. S. Hunt 141
Chert 114
Chester Valley limestone quarries, 133, 135 ; ore banks 133
-J Chestnut Hill ore 60, 66
\ Chickies furnaces, 22, 60 ; rock, 77-80, 89, 90, 91, 134 ; analjrses of 134
Chlorite, rock, 106; slate 9, 10, 15, 35, 38, 79, 83, 94, 99, 101, 102, 106, 109,
135, 142 ; crystals 60
Clark's (Widow) bank 46
Clay, (Kaolin) microscopical analysis of, 115
Clay, Henry, furnace ^ • 42
Cleavage, bedding and strike of rocks at Wrightsville 134, 135
Cline'sRun 82,83,84,96,131
Codorus Creek, 89, 93 ; east branch, 25 ; west branch, 95, 97 ; south
branch, 96 ; ore bank 64
Codorus or Strickhouser ore, 29, 43, 65 ; analysis 80
Columbia, 14,22,48,64,78; C. S. Kauffman of 13,128
Collection of ore and took, specimens 8, 4, 144, 164
Concretionary limonlte 17, 137
Conditions of production and deposition of limonlte 142
Conewago ore bank 136
\ Conewago creek, 70 ; Little Conewago 77, 94
Conformability of measures 85
Conglomerate limestone in Detweiler's quarry 131, 132
Conglomerate of the Mesozoic age 92
Connecticut Valley traps, G. W. Hawes on 118, 120, 121, 123, 124
Contact of limestone and Mesezoic sandstone at Emigsville, 89 ; at
Beeler's,92; atEmig'sMill 94,103
Contact of slates and limestone at Oil Creek, 100, 135 ; at Spring Forge,
135 ; at Creitz Creek, 81 ; at Wilton's, Clines and Bull's Runs 86
Contemporaneity of schists with limestones 132
Cookeite ; 109
Copper 71
Cornwall ores. 14,60 65
188 C. INDEX.
PAOK.
Corr bank 51, 62,90
Cost of labor 3, 11,14, 16,29,33,38,45,51,55,59,60,63,66,69,70-73
Ck)tta's classes of Igneous rocks 116, 119
Creitz Creek 80,90
Crout's (Dan'l) bank 28
Cross sections, description of. 77
Cabes of limonite 65, 90
Culp»sHill 125
Cumberland Valley R. R., Mechanicsburg Branch 71
Curren & Evans' bank 12
Currents ( Jaa) bank 12
Cut at Emigsville, N. C. R. R 88
Cut on U. B. R. R 34 )
Cut at Summit, P. B. R. R 104, 105
Bamourite, 105 ; analysis of, in Dr. Gtonth*s Report 105, 109, 112
Dana's, Prof. J. D., Mineralogy 105, 111, 120
Danville, Messrs. Grove, of. 34, 35
Davis' ( Jno. S. ) bank 28
Deitz's (Sam'l) bank 40
Deitz's (Jacob) bank 49
Delone's (Louis) bank 41, 102, 142
Denny <k Hess's banks 46, 53
Denny's bank 13
Deposition and origin of the York limestones 132, 140
Deposition and production of brown hematite 137-142 i
Designation and arrouping of ore banks l-5>
Detweiler's quarries, 80 ; limestone conglomerate in 132
Difficult questions in structure 79, ISS
Differences, chemical and physical, in York limestones 135
Dillsburg ore, 71, 75 ; average percentage of ore 75
Dlilsburg limestone, analysis of 113-
Dillsburg trap, 71, 72 ; under microscope 126, 127
District of York and Adams, absence of fossils in the, 79; faults in,
79, 81, 83, 86, 90, 95-98, 111, 133, 134 ; general geology of, 130-136 ; lime
stone area of, 89 ; list of ore banks in, 5-9; ore ranges of, (see ore
ranges,); party of, v, vi, viii; remarks on the rocks of, 104-128;
origin of brown hematite in, (see brown hematite); traps of the
Mesozoic Sandstone In the 115-12&
Dolerite, 70,71,72,92,94,96; (analysis of Connecticut, 118;) Beeler's,
122, 126, 128, 129.
Dolerite— optical properties, between Nicols' prisma, of specimens
from Cemetery Hill, 124 ; Taneytown road, 125 ; Litttle and Big
Round Top, 125; Culp's Hill, 125; Beeler & Mumper's shaft, 126;
, Jjogan's shaft 127
Dolomite, 110; Sorrento, analysis of, by Abich, 111; description and oc-
currence of 135, 136, 140
Dunkard Valley, limestone in the 140
Duttenhoefer's (J. C.) bank 43,60
Dykes of trap, 70, 71, 93, 94,96; at Beeler's, 95; at Dillsburg, 71; at
at Frizzletown, 102 ; at Hanover, 102; at Union mills, 102; at Union-
town, Md., 102,103,114; at West Rock, Connecticut, 118, 128; ot
the Mesozoic Sandstone in York and Adams counties, 115, 128;
laws of formation of 95
INDEX. C, 189
FAOB.
Eagle*8 (J) banks, 12, 22 ; furnace 22
Eagle's (S. F.) banks. 49
Early <fe KilUnger^s mine 43,44
Ebert banks 51.90
Eckert cfe Kauffman's bank 87, 89, 101
Eckert & Guilford's mine 12
Eckert <fe Bros.' banks 42, 54
Eisenhart's (Jacob) ore, outcrop, 52 ; trap .,.. 95
Emigsville 66,77,88,89,91
Emigsville cut, N. C. R. R 8ft
Emig's (Sam'l) banks. . .' 64
Emig's ( Jas.) bank 18
Emig's ( Jno.) banks 18, 85
Emig's mill 52,94
Emmitsburg road, ore on '. 76
Ensminger's openings , 23
Eupliyllite 109
Explanation of plates 127, 128, 129
Eyester's (M.) bank' 63
Falkenstein's (D.) shaft 26,77,94
Faults, 79, 81, 88, 86, 90,95,96,97; below Littlestown, 131; at Wrlghts-
ville 132
Feigley's bank, 13,16; age of limestone at, 87,92,94,96,98; analysis of,
^ , 111, 113 ; general remarks on : 133, 134
V Felton, Mr,, analyses furnished by 72,76
Fields near Winter's blacksmith shop 62
Field note books of the survey 3
First Geological Survey of Pa 78,85,136,143
Fliokinger's (Emanuel) pits 34
Flickinger's bank 41
Floor of York (Auroral) limestone 134
, Foot notes, object of ^ 3
Forge iron 14
Formation of pyrite, Dr. Hunt on 141
Formation of trap-dykes, laws of 95
Forney's (A.M.) bank 42,102,142
Forrey's (Widow) ore 40
Forrey's bank 85
Forrey's (G.) ore outcrop 67, 68
Fossils, absence of 79
^^ Foundry iron 14,20, 45, 6e
Fritz's bank 60,87
Frizzletown (Md.) trap-dyke 102
Fuller's ore, analysis of 74
Gantner ore diggings 136
Garnet 108
Geisselman's bank 27
Genth's ( Dr. F. A. ) analyses, 104, 106, 110, 112, 113, 122 ; report 105
Geodes &B
Geology of York and Lancaster counties, key to 78
Geology of York and Adams 130-137
Geological Survey of Pa., First, 78,85, (report of, 136,) 142
190 C. INDEX,
f FAGS.
Gettysbtirg trap 124-128
Gltt'sbank 64
Given's ( Jno.) mine 12
Gladfelter's station, N. C. R. R 26
Gladfelter»s (old P. Williams') bank 13,14
Gladfelter's bank 26
Gladfelter's (Thomas Iron Co.'s) ore 27
Glatz Ferry road 48,115
\jrA6n XM/CK, J3l • \j» aV« Xv* •«••••••••••■•■••••**•■•••••«*«•«■•■•••>•«««•••• VO, x04
Gneiss : 10, 99, 106
Gneissoid slates 85, 109
Gohn's (Jacob and Jno.) bank 46
Gothite 21,22,61
Granite Spur, or Little Round Top : 12S
Graphite 141
Great Valley, limestone of. 11$
Green, Van Heinan A Co.'s banks 42, 45
Grouping and description of ore banks. l-H
Grove, Messrs., of Danville 34, 3S
Grubb's ( C. B. ) bank 64
Grubb<fcSon 64, 6i
Hahn A Himes' banks 20,22
Hake's bank 68
Haldeman (E.) <fe Co.'s bank 60 ^
Hanover, 16,42,68,69,64,78,100,106,107; trap dyke lOa #
Hanover Branch R. R., 36, 37, 39, 40, 66, 63, 96, 97, 139, 142 ; open cut on. . . 34
Hanover Branch R. R., ore range 2, 26, 28, 33-40, 66, 63, 96, 97, 139, 142
Hanover Junction, N. C. R. R 28, 96,96
Harman's blacksmith shop 114
Hartman's opening 39
Havre de Grace 19, 104
Hawes, (G. W.,) on traps of Connecticut Valley, 118, 119, 120, 121, 123 ;
analysis of West Rock 116
Heidelbach's bank 51, 87
Heindle's (Geo.) mine IS
Heistand's bank 46
Help's mine 10, 80, 98, 106, lOT
Hematite, brown, (limonite,) see brown hematite.
Henry Clay Furnace 42
Hengst's (Sam'l) bank 23
Hershey's (Benj.) property 67 /
Hess' (S.)asbe8tus(?) 115 '^
Hess' (Sam'l) bank 26,96
Hess' (Mr.) banks 13,24
Hildebrand's bank 18
Hofacker's bank 15,16,78,96,101,106,133,139,143
Hoke's (J.) teams 19
Honeycomb hematite 14
Hunt (Dr. T. Sterry) on origin, of hematite, 38,143; of iron ore in an-
cient crystalline rocks, 141 ; on formation of pyrite, 141 ; the laws
of succession of older limestones, 112 ; **Chemioal and Geological
Essays." 141
\
INDEX. C. 191
PAOB
Huntingdon and Centre oonnties limonite 143
Hydro-mica 15, 19, 27, 38, 57, 83, 93, 94, 101, 106, 109, 111, 112, 130, 142
Hydro-silicates, Hinsingerite group (Marogarodite section,) (Dana,). . . 105
Hypotheses — Structure of rocks along section, No. 1, through Wrights-
ville, 131, 182; two hypotheses on origin of ore in York Valley,
137-143 ; origin of ore in Lancaster oo., 141 ; origin of ore in ancient
crystalline rocks 141
Igneous rocks, Bunsen's classes, 117 ; Cotia's 116, 119
Bmenlte 137
Interpretration of structure, its difllculties 79
Iron— Bessemer steel, 65 ; forge, 14 ; foundry 14, 20, 45, 65
Iron ore in ancient crystalline rocks. Dr. Hunt on 117, 118
Iron and sulphur (pyrites, ) 10, 15, 35, 39, 65, 79, 85, 99, 106, 133, 135, 137, 138 ;
Dr. Hunt on formation of 141
Jackson, Dr. R., M. S., on origin of hematite 143
Jefferson, H. B. R. R 34
Jenkins' ( Jabez). bank 16
Joiins A Moul's bank 58
Johnson's (W. S.) pit 54,97
Journal of science and arts 118
Junction of limestone and Mesozoio sandstone, 103; (at Emigsville,
89) ; at Beeler's cross-roads, 92; at Emlg's Mill 94
Junction of limestone and slate at Oil Creek, 100, 135 ; at Spring Forge,
135 ; at Creitz's creek, 81 ; at Wilton's, at Cline's, and Bull's Runs, 86
Kaolin, 17 ; microscopical analysis of 115
Kauffraan's bank (old) 53
KaufThian, Eckert A Brooks, (Leesport Iron oo.,) T. 88, 55, 58
Kauffman's (W. H.) fUmace 38
Kauffman, (C. S.,) of Columbia 13,28
Kauffman's siding, H.' B, R. R 56,68
Kauffman's mine 140
Keech, (Mr.,) ripidolite presented by 107
Keeny's bank 11
Keller's (Geo.) shaft, 18; farm 108
Keller's (Jacob) property 12
Keller's (Jno.) bank 21,85
Keeport A Yount 43
Kerr, Cook A Co.'s quarries 80
Keystone Furnace Co 45
Key to the geology of Lancaster and York counties 78
Kittatinny Valley limestone 113
Klaproth's analysis of Augite 120
Kneedler's Mill, P. B. R. R 108
Knotweirs (H. R.) shaft \ 28,97
Knotwell's opening. . . .-. •. 29, 97
Kotchubeite (?) 107
Kraber A Nes' bank 40, 41
Kraber, (Mr.,) of York Iron oo 30
Krumrein's pits 43
"Labor, cost of. 8, 11, 14, 16, 29, 33, 38, 45, 51, 55, 59, 60, 63, 66, 69, 70, 73
Labradorite 120,121,124,128
Lamott's opening. .• 11
192 C, INDEX.
81, 82, 83, 96 ; Cline*8 run, 86 ; Great Valley, 113 ; Conglomerate, 1 U ;
Bastard, 100; Doloinitic, 110; Saccharoi(ial,Q2; thicknessat Wrights-
ville, 80; at Wilton's, 82; floor of the, 134; its unconformabiUty
>\ ith the slates 81, 86, 131, 135
Liimestone, origin and deposition of, 132, 140 ; its ohemioal and physical
differences 135
luimestone, age of Feigley's 87
Limestone, contemporaneity with the schists ^ 140
Limestone, older, laws of succession of 112
Llmonite — See Brown Hematite.
Ijine of section, projection of outcrops upon 97
Lines run by transit 164-185
List of ore banks 5-9
Lithia 159
Little Round Top 125
Littlestown, 78,96, 102, 103, 106, 136 ; fault below 131
Lochiel Iron Company 67, 64
Logauville, 12, 26, 9(5, 98, 140 ; Trap-dyke 95
Logan mine, 71 ; Dolerite under the microeoope 127, 128
liongstown 77, 87, 96
Jjouck's bank 70
I^ouclt's (D.) banks , 62
Louck's bank 60, 89, 134
Jjower Silurian limestone 15
M'Conaughy's opening 64
M'Cormick's banks, 10, 21, 31, 32, 43, 44, 50, 56, 60, 62, 67 ; mine bank, 71, 73,
76, 108, 112.
FAOS.
Lancaster county, origin of llmonlte in, 141 ; Rathfon ore banks. ^136
Lancaster and York, geology, key to ', 78
Ijandis A Cameron 26,27
Jjaw of formation of trap dykes 95 '
Laws of succession of older limestones, (Dr. Hunt, ) 112 i
Leader's Hill 2« j
Leader's (Geo.) ore 25>96 |
Leber's (Dan'l) bank, 17 ; quarry 85 1
Lebanon 11
Loesport Iron Co., (Kauffman, Eckert A Brooks, ) 88, 55, 58
Lefever'a ( Enoch) bank 45
Le fever's pits 43 ^ j
Lefever'ri station, H. L. and F. R. R 45
Lehman's (Dan'l) bank 46
Lehigh County Damourite ' 105
Lepidocroeite 24
Lesley's (J. P.) report on York Iron Co. 's property, 30; reportof progress, 143
Leucite 115
Levels above tide of points in York and Adams Counties 164-185
Lichte's bank 70
Lightner's ore « 69,89
Limestone, area of, 89 ; occurrence of, 15, 17-19, 22, 45, 46, 53, 57, 58, «7, {8,
80, 81, 82, 85, 87, 89, 92-103, 110, 113, 130, 140 ; Auroral, 18, 68, 80, 10 , • 12,
130,136,137,142; area of, 89; Lower Silurian, 15; York, 92,94, n7 104,
110, 113, 140 ; Bull's run, 87, 89 ; Cabin Branch run, 85 ; Wilton's run, ^
i
K
j:
INDEX. C. 193
FA6X.
M'Nair»8(MajorH. 8.)opo 75
M» Williams* slope.... 112
Magnetio ore and magnetite, 9, 10, 12, 16,19,25,26,30,35,48,58,64,69,71,
79, 82, 108, 109, 114, 116, 124, 129, 133.
Magnetio and micaceous ore, proportion of, in slate 134
Manganese 67, 113, 136
Margaretta fiirnaoe, 2, 12, 18, 19, 22, 96 ; banks, 20; section from Littles-
town to 96
Margarodite 109
Marietta, 23; Mnsselman's furnace at 24,45,47,49,50,66,69
Marshairs furnace 72
Measures, oonformabillty of 86
Measures, strilce of 2, ISO
Mechanicsburg Branch, C. V. R. R f. 71
Menaocanite ., 107
Mengis' (Andrew) bank 54
Mesozoic sandistone, 70, (in out at Emigsville, 88,89,) 92,94,95,101,103;
magnetic and specular ores of the, 137 ; Junction of limestone with,
at Emigsville, 89 ; at Beeier's, 92 ; at Emig's mill 94
Mesozoic sandstone traps, Connecticut Valley, 118, 120 ; Vincent Spur,
125; Big Round Top, Little'Round Top, Gulp's Hill, 125; chemical
properties of 115, 128
Meyer's (Mich.) pits. 54, 55
Meyer's (B.) openings 26
Mica slates. 34,42,63,56,99
Micaceous ore t 26,30,57,70,71,79, 137
Mickley's bank 87
Mickley, (E.,) analyses furnished by 27,31,33,34,39,41
Mico-photography 127, 130
Microscopical analyses of schists, 105, 109; of clay, (kaolin,) 115; of
traps, 115, 128 ; Beeler's dolerite, 126, 128, 129 ; Logan's dolerite, 127,
128 ; Mumper's dolerite 126, 128
Miley <fc Nuttons' bank 11
Miller's bank 49
Miller's (J. L. ) pit ........../. 55
Miller's ( Widow) bank 62, 63
MillhoUand washer 45
Mine bank (M'Cormick's) 71
Mineral paint 43
Mineralogy of Pennsylvania, Dr. Genth's preliminary rejwrt on 105, 109
Moser's opening (oldest) 25
Moser's old bank 24 25
Moser's new bank 23 87 96
Moser's banks I34
Moss (L. de L. ) analysis HO
Moul's (Sol.) bank 59
Moul's (Philip) bank !!!!.!!!!!!!.!..!. 59
MouPs (J.) bank 38,58
Mouse's (Levi) mine , 44
Ait. Alto furnace 112 113
Mumpdr mines, 71, 72 ; dolerite under the microscope 126, 128
Musselman (Jno.) . . 13 29 47
13— C.
l'.'
194 0. nn)EX,
MiiBselman's (A. II.) bank, 28 ; pit 83
Musselman <fc Co 24
Muaselman & Sons 24
Muflselman <fc Haldoman*s bank 49
Muaselman & Watta banks 22,24,28,30,48,55
Myers' (Matthew) ore 35
Myers' (Jas.) 48
Myers' (Henry) limestone quarry 101
Myers' (Mr.) bank 23,24,51
Myers' (Widow) ore 12
Myers A Benson 60,60
Myers' Station ( Y. and W. R. R.) 50, 42, 67
Nashville 64,77,97
Nepheline 11^
Nes, (Dr.) 35
Nes' Hill ore 85
Nes' Silicon steel ', 30
New Freedom (N. C. R. R.) 9,11,97
New Haven, (Connecticut,) West Rock near. 118
New Paradise 26
Newport (Perry co.) .•. 72
New Red Sandstone, 70, 71, 88, 91, 92, 94, 95, 101, 102, 103, 130, 137. (See Me-
Bozoic sandstone.)
New Salem 54, 94, 96
New York Mining Co 49
Niools' prisms 105,109,124-128
Northern Central railroad 9-16, 26, 77, 88, 94, 97, 98, 106, 106, 109, 112, 130, 134
Norristown, limestone near 133
Norse's ore bank 49
Objects of foot notes 3
Oil Creek bluff, (H. S. L. R. R.,) 100; contact of limestone and slate
at 135
Older limestones, their laws of succession 112
Ore banks^designation and grouping of, 1-5 ; alphabetical list of, 5-9 ;
from Margaretta fUrnaoe. 96
Ores of iron— collection of, 3, 4, 144-156 ; of York county, 136, 137 ; mag-
netic, 9, 10, 12, 16, 19, 25, 26, 3U, 48, 53, 64, 69, 82, 137 ; micaceous, 26, 30,
67,70,71,79,137; specular, 63, 57, 64, 70, 133, 137 ; pyritiferous, (seepy-
rite) ; hen^atite, (see Hematite) ; **red oxide," 60,62; Codorus or
Strickhouser, 29, 43, 65 ; (analysis of, 30); Cornwall, 14, 60, 65 ; Chest-
nut Hill, 60, 65 ; **white,"31; Tremonium, 63 ; "Silicon steel," 30;
pseudomorphic 137
Ores of iron— origin of, 134, 137 ; in ancient crystalline rocks, 141 ; of
' J^rown hematite, 13t), 143, (see Hematite.)
Ores of iron— their relation to Auroral limestone, 142 ; to slates 133
Ores of iron — more valuable ores X30
Ore ranges studied. during 1874, 137, 138; Hanover Branch railroad
range, 25, 28, 33-40, 55, 63, 96, 97, 139 ; York, Littlestown and Frederick
railroad range, 43, 45, 57, 77 ; central belt of brown hematite 2, 130
Origin and deposition of limestone ^ 132, 140
Open cut (H. B. R. R.) 34
Optical properties of dolerlte 105, 109, 115, 124-130
r
'■*
INDEX. C. 195
FA6S.
otter creek 140
Outcrops, their projection upon line of section 97
Outline of York limestone area 89
Paint, mineral •....♦... 47
Paliezoic period 141
Paragonite 109
Poaoii Bottom railroad 12, 24, 77, 88, 90, 96, 104, 108
Pearce's (Alfred) analysis 68, 104
Pennsylvania Steel Co 72,75
Pennsylvania, First Geological Survey of, 78, 85 ; report 136, 142
Physical and chemical difierences in York limestone 135
Perry county 72
Pigemi Hills 65,58,63,77,97,99,100, 107
Plagioclase 127
Plates, explanation of. 127-129
Pleaburevillo 89, 90
Porter's (Ex-Gov. ) banks 68,59,64
Porter's aiding, 11. B. R. R 35,96
Powell's (Mr.) bank 23
Prasilite 115
Prochlorite 125
Production and deposition of limonite, conditions of the 142
Projection of outcrops upon section line .,.*, 97
Proportion of nia<?notio and micaceous ore in slates 134
Pump, the Smedley 45
Pseudomorphs of limonite, after pyrite 137
Pyritiferous slates 81
Pyrite iron and sulphur 10, 15, 35, 39, 65, 79, 85, 99, 106, 133, 135, 137, 138-142
Pyrite, Dr. Hunt on formation of 141
Pyroohists 141
Pyroxene 120, 121, 124, 125-129
Pyroxenic and trachytic rocks, average composition of 117, 118
Quartz in veins 15, 47, 52, 84-136
Quart/.ito / 16, 19,48,51,62,64,76,79,86,87,90, 107, 124, 135
Rang<^s of ore studied during 1874, 137 ; alon'g Hanover Branch rail-
roa(i, lio, 128, 33-40, 55, 63, 96, 97, 139 ; along York, Littlestown and
Frederick railroad, 43,45,67,77 ; Central belt of brown hematite. . . 2,130
Rathfon nro hanks 136
" Rod oxide" 60, 62
Red Lion Summit station, (P. B. R. R.) 77,91,96,104,105; openings.... 12,13
Ruiiston's bank 9
Relation of ores to slates, 133 ; to limestone 142
Repidolite .' 107
Report of First Geological Survey 136, 141
Report of progress, J. P. Lesley's Second Geological Survey 143
Ri'port on York Iron To. \s property, by J. P. Lesley 30
Report on niinenilogy of Pennsylvania, Dr. Genth's preliminary 105, 109
Rocks of York and Adt^ms district, 104-127, 132 ; collection of 3, 4, 143-156
Rogers, (11. D.) section from Wrightsvillo to Havre-de-Grace, 78,85,
104, IIU; Auroral, 132, 133, 134; report of First Geological Sur^^ey,
136, 141, 140 ; origin of brown hematite 141-143
Roofing slates. 82
196 C. INDEX,
PAGM.
Roth's (S.) pits 64
Roth's (J.) baDk ,.. 55
Round Top, Little and Big 125
Royalties ! 89,40,57
Ruby's bank 48
Rudy's (D.) banks 48
Rudesill's bank '. 36
Ruth and Phillips' banks 85,37,58
Saccharoidal limestone 92
St. Charles furrace 64
Salom's (Pedro G.) analyses , in, 115
Schist, microsoopic analyses of, 105, 109 — See Slates.
Schiniech's farm 34
Schoenberger, Musselman & Co.'s bank 24, 25
Schuman's (Jesse) pits 35
Schuylkill, limestone on the 133, 141
Schwartz's (Solomon) bank 42
Schwartz's (Sam'l) opening 42
Science and Arts, Journal of 118
Searle & Findlay's bank 28
Sections No. 1, 78, 132 ; No. la, 87 ; No. 2, 88; No. 2a, 92, 133 ; No. 2b, 94 ;
No. 3, 97, 133; No. 3a, 99 : No. 4, 100; No. 4a, 102; ore in, 142; No.
5, 102 ; No. 5a, 103 ; unconformable contact in, Nos. 3, 3a and 5a. . . . 130
Section, Rogers', from Wrightsville along Susquehanna river to Havre-
d e-Grace 78, 85, 104, 131
Section line, projection of outcrops upon 97
Seitzland, N. C. R. R 112,113
Seitzville station, N. C. R. R 98,99
Seven Valley station, N. C. R. R 105
Schall's shaft 49
Sheaffer's (Jacob) pit 33
Shelly limonite 12, 58
Shepard, Prof., on origin of hematite 38, 143
Shrewsbury, N. U. R. R 9,10,77,98,99,109,130
Shurilc's Hill 107
Silicon steel 30
Silicates, Ilinsinj^erite, group of hydrous 105
Silurian (lower) limestone valleys 15
Skills «fc Fry's shafts 17, 18
Slates, asbestiform, 20 ; calcareous, 83, 85, 93, 98, 99 ; chloritlc, 9, 10, 15, 35,
;5.S, 79, 83, 94, 90, 101, 102, 106, 109, 135, 142 ; damourite, 105, 109, 112,
gneissold, 35,109; hydro-mic^, 15,19,27,38,67,83,93,94,101,106,100,
111,112,130,142; mica, 34,42,53,56,99; primal, 104; pyritiferous, 81;
yiiartz, 93, lOS; their relation to ore, 133 ; their resemblance to lime-
stone .' 81
Slaymaker's (H. J.) banks 19,20,22
Small's (Jno.) banks 19
Small's (Mr.) banks , 19,41
Small's ( Philip) banks 51, 69
Smedley pump 45
Smith's (W. R.) pit * 70
Smith's station, H. B. R. R > 35,36,39,60
■ I
4
._ J
• J
V >.
'S\ '
.
/
\
•/.
•>
' f
I ' »*1
» •< "»»»••«
nn)KX. C^ 197
• FAGK.
Smyser's Station, N. C. R. R 27,33,94,106
Smyser's bank 70
Smyser's (Smair8)bank 66,77,87,111,113,133
Smyser's (E. G.) bank ; 34
Sorrento dolomite, analysis of, by Abich Ill
Sourli Branch of Codorus Creek 96
South Mountain 75,81,107,182,143
Spangler, Mr 36
Specimens of ores and rocks, catalogue of 8, 4, 144-156
Specimens of trap, chemical and optical properties of. 115-130
Specular ores, 53, 57, 64, 70, 133 ; of the mesozoio sandstone 137
Sprenkle's banks 9 36,39,40
Sprenkle's (Emanuel) banks, 36 r shaft, 67,100; opening, 77.99,100;
limestone, 97 ; quarry ; 57, 100
Spring Forge, H. S. L. R. R 99, 135
Stalactitic limestone 24, 134
Stambach's shaft •. 26
Stambach's bank 36
Stahm, Kellers A Leon's bank 23
State Museum of the Survey at Harrisburg 3
Stations on transit lines 164-185
Steel, Bessemer, 65 ; Silicon 30
Stoner's bank 47
Stoner A Uildebrand's bank 75
Storm A Price's bank , 23
Stover's opening 39
Strickhouser's opening 29,97
Strickhouser's mine, (Y. I. Co.,) 29,43,65,97, 142; white ore in, 81 ; an-
alysis of ore from, J. P. Xiesley *8 report on 30
Strickhouser's Station (H. B. R. R) 28
Strickler's (BeuJ.) bank 47
Strickler's run 1 136
Strike of bedd ing and cleavage of rocks at Wrightsville 131
Strike of measures 2, 130
Strino's (Jno.) bank 24
Structure, difficulties in the interpretation of. 79
Structure of rocks along section No. I, hypothesis concerning 131, 132
Succession of older limestones, its laws 112
Sulphur and iron pyrites, 10,15,35,39,65,79,85,99,106,133,135,137,138;
formation of 141
Survey, First Geological 78, 85, 104, 136, 140, 141, 142
Survey Museum at Harrisburg 3
Survey, Second Geological— report of progress, 143; mineralogy of
Pennsylvania (report B) 105, 109
Susquehanna river, Rogers' section along right bank of 78, 85, 104, 131
Syenite 114
Talcose slate, characteristics of. 104
Thomas Iron Co.'s bank 26, 27, (old pit, 33,) 39, 40
Thomas Iron Co.'s bank. No. 2, 37 ; bank, No. 3 34
Thuringite 106
Trachytic and pyroxenic rocks, average composition of. 117, 118
Transit lines, notes of * 164-185
198 a
INDEX.
Traps of the Mesozoio sandstone, 115 ; Connecticut Valley, 118, 120 ;
Heeler's, 53,89,92,95,126, 128; Big and Little Round Top, Gulp's
PAGX.
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